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The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to an LLMs can realize Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, existing research shows that the visual modality of VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Large language models can generate runnable software artifacts, but their security remains difficult to evaluate end to end. This study examines that problem through a Detect--Repair--Verify (DRV) workflow, in which vulnerabilities are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Cheng Cheng

The application of language models to project-level vulnerability detection remains challenging, owing to the dual requirement of accurately localizing security-sensitive code and correctly correlating and reasoning over complex program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Hao Zhu , Zhi Jin

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in general visual understanding. However, their application to safety-critical driving scenarios remains limited by an inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tomaso Trinci , Henrique Piñeiro Monteagudo , Leonardo Taccari

Automated vulnerability detection is crucial for enhancing software security by identifying potential flaws that attackers could exploit, thereby reducing the reliance on labor-intensive manual code audits. Recent advancements have shifted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xin Peng , Bo Lin , Jing Wang , Xiaoling Li , Jun Ma , Jie Yu , Xiaoguang Mao , Shangwen Wang

Despite the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors, cyber security continues to rely on traditional static and dynamic analysis tools, hampered by high false positive rates and superficial code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Rajesh Yarra

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional progress in multiple domains of software engineering including software vulnerability detection. Using LLMs to automate vulnerability detection in the wild is an important and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , Wajahat Hussain

Learning from pseudo-labels that generated with VLMs~(Vision Language Models) has been shown as a promising solution to assist open vocabulary detection (OVD) in recent studies. However, due to the domain gap between VLM and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kuo Wang , Lechao Cheng , Weikai Chen , Pingping Zhang , Liang Lin , Fan Zhou , Guanbin Li

Vulnerability identification is crucial for cyber security in the software-related industry. Early identification methods require significant manual efforts in crafting features or annotating vulnerable code. Although the recent pre-trained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Xuxiang Jiang , Yinhao Xiao , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Vulnerability detection methods based on deep learning (DL) have shown strong performance on benchmark datasets, yet their real-world effectiveness remains underexplored. Recent work suggests that both graph neural network (GNN)-based and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Chaomeng Lu , Bert Lagaisse

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. To mitigate these risks, existing detection methods are essential, yet they face two major challenges: generalization and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jiaqi Weng , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

Verifying multi-step reasoning in large language models is difficult due to imprecise error localization and high token costs. Existing methods either assess entire reasoning chains, suffering attention dilution, or rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yulong Zhang , Li Wang , Wei Du , Peilin Li , Yuqin Dai Zhiyuan Zhao , Lingyong Fang , Ziniu Liu , Ru Zhang , Huijia Zhu , Gongshen Liu

To address the extremely concerning problem of software vulnerability, system security is often entrusted to Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Despite their now established detection capabilities, such models are limited by design to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Marco Pintore , Giorgio Piras , Angelo Sotgiu , Maura Pintor , Battista Biggio

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved code generation, yet most models remain text-only, neglecting crucial visual aids like diagrams and flowcharts used in real-world software development. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Linzheng Chai , Jian Yang , Shukai Liu , Wei Zhang , Liran Wang , Ke Jin , Tao Sun , Congnan Liu , Chenchen Zhang , Hualei Zhu , Jiaheng Liu , Xianjie Wu , Ge Zhang , Tianyu Liu , Zhoujun Li

Unlike the flow structure of natural languages, programming languages have an inherent rigidity in structure and grammar.However, existing detection methods based on pre-trained models typically treat code as a natural language sequence,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Yingfei Xiong , Zhi Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

The introduction of smart contract functionality marks the advent of the blockchain 2.0 era, enabling blockchain technology to support digital currency transactions and complex distributed applications. However, many smart contracts have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, yet their potential for software protection remains largely untapped. Reverse engineering continues to threaten software security, while traditional virtual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mingqiao Mo , Yunlong Tan , Hao Zhang , Heng Zhang , Yangfan He

Smart contract vulnerabilities caused significant economic losses in blockchain applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide new possibilities for addressing this time-consuming task. However, state-of-the-art LLM-based detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 ZeKe Xiao , Qin Wang , Hammond Pearce , Shiping Chen