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Extensive evaluation of perception systems is crucial for ensuring the safety of intelligent vehicles in complex driving scenarios. Conventional performance metrics such as precision, recall and the F1-score assess the overall detection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jörg Gamerdinger , Sven Teufel , Stephan Amann , Lukas Marc Listl , Oliver Bringmann

Recent advances in machine learning, especially techniques such as deep neural networks, are enabling a range of emerging applications. One such example is autonomous driving, which often relies on deep learning for perception. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Adith Boloor , Karthik Garimella , Xin He , Christopher Gill , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Xuan Zhang

Autonomous vehicles operate in a dynamic environment, where the speed with which a vehicle can perceive and react impacts the safety and efficacy of the system. LiDAR provides a prominent sensory modality that informs many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Wei Han , Zhengdong Zhang , Benjamin Caine , Brandon Yang , Christoph Sprunk , Ouais Alsharif , Jiquan Ngiam , Vijay Vasudevan , Jonathon Shlens , Zhifeng Chen

Modern autonomous vehicles adopt state-of-the-art DNN models to interpret the sensor data and perceive the environment. However, DNN models are vulnerable to different types of adversarial attacks, which pose significant risks to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Xingshuo Han , Guowen Xu , Yuan Zhou , Xuehuan Yang , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

LiDAR point clouds collected from a moving vehicle are functions of its trajectories, because the sensor motion needs to be compensated to avoid distortions. When autonomous vehicles are sending LiDAR point clouds to deep networks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Yiming Li , Congcong Wen , Felix Juefei-Xu , Chen Feng

LiDAR sensors are used widely in Autonomous Vehicles for better perceiving the environment which enables safer driving decisions. Recent work has demonstrated serious LiDAR spoofing attacks with alarming consequences. In particular,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Chengzeng You , Zhongyuan Hau , Soteris Demetriou

Multimodal fusion (MMF) plays a critical role in the perception of autonomous driving, which primarily fuses camera and LiDAR streams for a comprehensive and efficient scene understanding. However, its strict reliance on precise temporal…

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Open-world perception aims to develop a model adaptable to novel domains and various sensor configurations and can understand uncommon objects and corner cases. However, current research lacks sufficiently comprehensive open-world 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhongyu Xia , Jishuo Li , Zhiwei Lin , Xinhao Wang , Yongtao Wang , Ming-Hsuan Yang

The reliability of a machine vision system for autonomous driving depends heavily on its training data distribution. When a vehicle encounters significantly different conditions, such as atypical obstacles, its perceptual capabilities can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fabrizio Genilotti , Arianna Stropeni , Gionata Grotto , Francesco Borsatti , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Autonomous detection of lane markers improves road safety, and purely visual tracking is desirable for widespread vehicle compatibility and reducing sensor intrusion, cost, and energy consumption. However, visual approaches are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Jiawei Mo , Junaed Sattar

Object detection is a crucial task in autonomous driving. While existing research has proposed various attacks on object detection, such as those using adversarial patches or stickers, the exploration of projection attacks on 3D surfaces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ce Zhou , Qiben Yan , Sijia Liu

End-to-end autonomous driving systems have achieved significant progress, yet their adversarial robustness remains largely underexplored. In this work, we conduct a closed-loop evaluation of state-of-the-art autonomous driving agents under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ishan Sahu , Somnath Hazra , Somak Aditya , Soumyajit Dey

Obstacle detection is crucial to the operation of autonomous driving systems, which rely on multiple sensors, such as cameras and LiDARs, combined with code logic and deep learning models to detect obstacles for time-sensitive decisions.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tri Minh-Triet Pham , Diego Elias Costa , Weiyi Shang , Jinqiu Yang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly integrated into LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-based perception systems for autonomous vehicles (AVs), requiring robust performance under adversarial conditions. We aim to address the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Minkyoung Cho , Yulong Cao , Zixiang Zhou , Z. Morley Mao

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) significantly enhance road safety by detecting potential collisions and alerting drivers. However, their reliance on expensive sensor technologies such as LiDAR and radar limits accessibility,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Muhammad Zaeem Shahzad , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Bassem Ouni , Muhammad Shafique

Advances in deep learning have revolutionized cyber-physical applications, including the development of Autonomous Vehicles. However, real-world collisions involving autonomous control of vehicles have raised significant safety concerns…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ayoosh Bansal , Hunmin Kim , Simon Yu , Bo Li , Naira Hovakimyan , Marco Caccamo , Lui Sha

Humans detect real-world object anomalies by perceiving, interacting, and reasoning based on object-conditioned physical knowledge. The long-term goal of Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is to enable machines to autonomously replicate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Wenqiao Li , Yao Gu , Xintao Chen , Xiaohao Xu , Ming Hu , Xiaonan Huang , Yingna Wu

Enabling autonomous driving (AD) can be considered one of the biggest challenges in today's technology. AD is a complex task accomplished by several functionalities, with environment perception being one of its core functions. Environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Andreas Bär , Jonas Löhdefink , Nikhil Kapoor , Serin J. Varghese , Fabian Hüger , Peter Schlicht , Tim Fingscheidt

One of the most important aspects of autonomous systems is safety. This includes ensuring safe human-robot and safe robot-environment interaction when autonomously performing complex tasks or in collaborative scenarios. Although several…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Moritz Eckhoff , Dennis Knobbe , Henning Zwirnmann , Abdalla Swikir , Sami Haddadin