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The goal of Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) problem is to predict a protein's 3D structure (confirmation) from its amino acid sequence. The problem has been a 'holy grail' of science since the Noble prize-winning work of Anfinsen…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-24 Abbi Abdel-Rehim , Oghenejokpeme Orhobor , Hang Lou , Hao Ni , Ross D. King

In drug discovery, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for protein-ligand binding provides a powerful tool for predicting binding affinities, estimating transport properties, and exploring pocket sites. There has been a long history of…

Computational methods are useful in accelerating the pace of drug discovery. Drug discovery carries several steps such as target identification and validation, lead discovery, and lead optimisation etc., In the phase of lead optimisation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-31 K. Venkateswara Rao , Kunjam Nageswara Rao , G. Sita Ratnam

The rapid evolution of molecular dynamics (MD) methods, including machine-learned dynamics, has outpaced the development of standardized tools for method validation. Objective comparison between simulation approaches is often hindered by…

Drug discovery through virtual screening (VS) has become a popular strategy for identifying hits against protein targets. Alongside VS, molecular design further expands accessible chemical space. Together, these approaches have the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-15 Shanzhuo Zhang , Xianbin Ye , Donglong He , Yueyang Huang , Xiaonan Zhang , Xiaomin Fang

Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities is an essential challenge in structure-based drug design. Despite recent advances in data-driven methods for affinity prediction, their accuracy is still limited, partially because…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Yaosen Min , Ye Wei , Peizhuo Wang , Xiaoting Wang , Han Li , Nian Wu , Stefan Bauer , Shuxin Zheng , Yu Shi , Yingheng Wang , Ji Wu , Dan Zhao , Jianyang Zeng

Molecular docking is critical to structure-based virtual screening, yet the throughput of such workflows is limited by the expensive optimization of scoring functions involved in most docking algorithms. We explore how machine learning can…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Bowen Jing , Tommi Jaakkola , Bonnie Berger

Computational prediction of enzymatic reactions represents a crucial challenge in sustainable chemical synthesis across various scientific domains, ranging from drug discovery to materials science and green chemistry. These syntheses rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Amitay Sicherman , Kira Radinsky

Self-supervised representation learning (SSL) on biomedical networks provides new opportunities for drug discovery. However, how to effectively combine multiple SSL models is still challenging and has been rarely explored. Therefore, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Xiaoqi Wang , Yingjie Cheng , Yaning Yang , Yue Yu , Fei Li , Shaoliang Peng

Prediction of ligand binding sites of proteins is a fundamental and important task for understanding the function of proteins and screening potential drugs. Most existing methods require experimentally determined protein holo-structures as…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-07 Shuo Zhang , Lei Xie

Machine learning (ML) models hold the promise of transforming atomic simulations by delivering quantum chemical accuracy at a fraction of the computational cost. Realization of this potential would enable high-throughout, high-accuracy…

Computational drug discovery provides an efficient tool helping large scale lead molecules screening. One of the major tasks of lead discovery is identifying molecules with promising binding affinities towards a target, a protein in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Liangzhen Zheng , Jingrong Fan , Yuguang Mu

The generation of small molecule candidate (ligand) binding poses in its target protein pocket is important for computer-aided drug discovery. Typical rigid-body docking methods ignore the pocket flexibility of protein, while the more…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Jonathan P. Mailoa , Zhaofeng Ye , Jiezhong Qiu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang

In contrast to their remarkable performance on general knowledge QA, the true abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in tasks demanding deep, specialized reasoning, such as in protein biology, have yet to be thoroughly investigated.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-30 Dingyi Rong , Zijian Chen , Qi Jia , Kaiwei Zhang , Haotian Lu , Guangtao Zhai , Ning Liu

This work aims to develop explainable models to predict the interactions between bitter molecules and TAS2Rs via traditional machine-learning and deep-learning methods starting from experimentally validated data. Bitterness is one of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-24 Francesco Ferri , Marco Cannariato , Lorenzo Pallante , Eric A. Zizzi , Marco A. Deriu

Publicly available collections of drug-like molecules have grown to comprise 10s of billions of possibilities in recent history due to advances in chemical synthesis. Traditional methods for identifying "hit" molecules from a large…

Identification of high affinity drug-target interactions is a major research question in drug discovery. Proteins are generally represented by their structures or sequences. However, structures are available only for a small subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Rıza Özçelik , Hakime Öztürk , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Ozkirimli

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly recognized as powerful tools for scientific discovery, particularly in molecular science. A fundamental requirement for these models is the ability to accurately understand molecular structures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yunhui Jang , Jaehyung Kim , Sungsoo Ahn

Understanding the kinetics of drug-protein interactions is paramount for drug design, yet the field lacks large-scale, dynamic data to move beyond static structural analysis. Here, we present DD-03B, a massively scalable database providing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Maodong Li , Dechin Chen , Zhijun Pan , Zhe Wang , Yi Isaac Yang

We present a modular framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that automates and streamlines key tasks across the early-stage computational drug discovery pipeline. By combining LLM reasoning with domain-specific tools, the…