Related papers: Multi-temperature atomic ensemble: nonequilibrium …
Understanding the non-equilibrium behavior of stainless steel under extreme electronic excitation remains a critical challenge for laser processing and radiation science. We employ a hybrid framework integrating density-functional tight…
Ultrafast laser excitation can induce fast increases of the electronic subsystem temperature. The subsequent electronic evolutions in terms of band structure and energy distribution can determine the change of several thermodynamic…
Transition to thermal equilibrium in a uniformly heated two-dimensional harmonic triangular lattice with nearest neighbor interactions is investigated. Initial conditions, typical for molecular dynamics simulations, are considered.…
Recent theoretical advances show that the temperature of a system in equilibriumcan be measured from static snapshots of its constituents' instantaneous configurations, withoutregard to their dynamics. We report the first measurements of…
A large class of isolated quantum system in a pure state can equilibrate and serve as a heat bath. We show that once the equilibrium is reached, any of its subsystems that is much smaller than the isolated system is thermalized such that…
The physics of critical phenomena in a many-body system far from thermal equilibrium is an interesting and important issue to be addressed both experimentally and theoretically. The trapped cold atoms have been actively used as a clean and…
We investigate a simplified model of two fully connected magnetic systems maintained at different temperatures by virtue of being connected to two independent thermal baths while simultaneously being inter-connected with each other. Using…
An atom, coupled linearly to an environment, is considered in a harmonic approximation in thermal equilibrium inside a cavity. The environment is modeled by an infinite set of harmonic oscillators. We employ the notion of dressed states to…
We study the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the 2D electronic solid. In realistic samples, a domain structure forms in the solid and each domain randomly orients in the absence of the in-plane field. At higher temperature,…
Hot-atoms reactions mechanisms bring about reaction rates which are several orders of magnitude higher than those expected in the case of ad-atoms which have thermalized with the surface. This paper addresses the issue of a possible…
Ultrafast laser excitation of a metal causes correlated, highly nonequilibrium dynamics of electronic and ionic degrees of freedom, which are however only poorly captured by the widely-used two-temperature model. Here we develop an…
We study first-order phase transitions in a two-temperature system, where due to the time-scale separation all the basic thermodynamical quantities (free energy, entropy, etc) are well-defined. The sign of the latent heat is found to be…
In this manuscript, we propose a non-equilibrium temperature by a temperature dependent Vlasov equation for the charge particles transport through a environmental reservoir. A new damping force and a inverse damping relaxation time are…
We show how to extend the concept of heat capacity to nonequilibrium systems. The main idea is to consider the excess heat released by an already dissipative system when slowly changing the environment temperature. We take the framework of…
A microscopic model for thermal excitation of vibrational ground state of a molecule interacting with a condensed medium is developed. The master equation for evolution of occupancies of the vibrational levels is derived. The rate constant…
The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and phonons upon laser excitation are often described by the two-temperature model, which assumes that both subsystems are separately in thermal equilibrium. However, recent experiments show that…
We study non--equilibrium ensemble corrections to particle masses and the effective potential in the early universe, using a uniform momentum distribution as an example. The resulting thermalization temperature is computed assuming \sm…
Warming in complex physical systems, in particular global warming, attracts significant contemporary interest. It is essential, therefore, to understand basic physical mechanisms leading to overheating. It is well known that application of…
This paper suggests using the configurational temperature $\Tc$ for quantifying how far an active-matter system is from thermal equilibrium. We measure this ``distance'' by the ratio of the systemic temperature $\Ts$ to $\Tc$, where $\Ts$…
The integrable system is constrained strictly by the conservation law during the time evolution, and the nearly integrable system or nonintegrable system is also constrained by the conserved parameters (like the constants of motion) with…