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Autonomous vehicles need to be designed to abide by the same rules that humans follow. This is challenging, because traffic rules are fuzzy and not well defined, making them incomprehensible to machines. Satisfaction cannot be incorporated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Klemens Esterle , Luis Gressenbuch , Alois Knoll

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a widely used task specification language for autonomous systems. To mitigate the significant manual effort and expertise required to define LTL-encoded tasks, several methods have been proposed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 David Smith Sundarsingh , Jun Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Yiannis Kantaros

Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

One of the challenges in designing safe, reliable and trustworthy Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is to ensure that the AVs abide by traffic rules. For this, the AVs need to be able to understand and reason about traffic rules. In previous work,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Gleifer Vaz Alves , Maike Schwammberger

Driving in compliance with traffic laws and regulations is a basic requirement for human drivers, yet autonomous vehicles (AVs) can violate these requirements in diverse real-world scenarios. To encode law compliance into AV systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bowen Jian , Rongjie Yu , Hong Wang , Liqiang Wang , Zihang Zou

A rigorous formalization of desired system requirements is indispensable when performing any verification task. This often limits the application of verification techniques, as writing formal specifications is an error-prone and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Matthias Cosler , Christopher Hahn , Daniel Mendoza , Frederik Schmitt , Caroline Trippel

For safe operation, autonomous vehicles have to obey traffic rules that are set forth in legal documents formulated in natural language. Temporal logic is a suitable concept to formalize such traffic rules. Still, temporal logic rules often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Hanna Krasowski , Matthias Althoff

Safety verification for autonomous vehicles (AVs) and ground robots is crucial for ensuring reliable operation given their uncertain environments. Formal language tools provide a robust and sound method to verify safety rules for such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Aditya Parameshwaran , Yue Wang

In the development and verification of safety-critical aero-space software, Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) has been widely used to specify complex system properties derived from requirements. However, a significant gap remains in industrial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhi Ma , Xiao Liang , Cheng Wen , Rui Chen , Bin Gu , Shengchao Qin , Cong Tian , Mengfei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities and attracted increasing research attention in the field of autonomous driving (AD). However, safe application of LLMs on AD perception and prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yanjiao Liu , Jiawei Liu , Xun Gong , Zifei Nie

Adaptive traffic signal control (TSC) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in managing dynamic traffic flows. However, conventional methods often struggle when unforeseen traffic incidents occur (e.g., accidents and road maintenance),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Shiqi Wei , Qiqing Wang , Kaidi Yang

Converting high-level tasks described by natural language into formal specifications like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a key step towards providing formal safety guarantees over cyber-physical systems (CPS). While the compliance of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junle Li , Siqi Chen , Jiakai Li , Meiqi Tian , Bingzhuo Zhong

Natural language (NL) navigation for low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offers an intelligent and convenient solution for low-altitude aerial services by enabling an intuitive interface for non-expert operators. However, deploying…

Traffic forecasting is crucial for intelligent transportation systems. It has experienced significant advancements thanks to the power of deep learning in capturing latent patterns of traffic data. However, recent deep-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xusen Guo , Qiming Zhang , Junyue Jiang , Mingxing Peng , Meixin Zhu , Hao , Yang

We propose an architecture for integrating high-level, human-provided safety rules and operator-aligned semantic preferences into autonomous robot navigation in unstructured outdoor environments. In our approach, natural-language rules are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kristy Sakano , Kalonji Harrington , Mumu Xu

Effectively translating between natural language (NL) and formal logics like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) requires expertise that limits formal verification's reach in safety-critical development. Template-based approaches sacrifice…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Paapa Kwesi Quansah , Ernest Bonnah

Smart cities are revolutionizing the transportation infrastructure by the integration of technology. However, ensuring that various transportation system components are operating as expected and in a safe manner is a great challenge. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Mariam Nour , Mohamed H. Zaki

To make robots accessible to a broad audience, it is critical to endow them with the ability to take universal modes of communication, like commands given in natural language, and extract a concrete desired task specification, defined using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Jiayi Pan , Glen Chou , Dmitry Berenson

Traffic signal control is a critical task in intelligent transportation systems, yet conventional fixed-time and rule-based methods often struggle to adapt to dynamic traffic demand and provide limited decision interpretability. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiazhao Shi

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) are safety-critical, where failures can be severe. While Metamorphic Testing (MT) is effective for fault detection in ADS, existing methods rely heavily on manual effort and lack automation. We present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Linfeng Liang , Chenkai Tan , Yao Deng , Yingfeng Cai , T. Y Chen , Xi Zheng
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