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While the Question Generation (QG) task has been increasingly adopted in educational assessments, its evaluation remains limited by approaches that lack a clear connection to the educational values of test items. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Bang Nguyen , Tingting Du , Mengxia Yu , Lawrence Angrave , Meng Jiang

The effective assessment of the instruction-following ability of large language models (LLMs) is of paramount importance. A model that cannot adhere to human instructions might be not able to provide reliable and helpful responses. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yimin Jing , Renren Jin , Jiahao Hu , Huishi Qiu , Xiaohua Wang , Peng Wang , Deyi Xiong

Question generation (QG) is to generate natural and grammatical questions that can be answered by a specific answer for a given context. Previous sequence-to-sequence models suffer from a problem that asking high-quality questions requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Xin Jia , Hao Wang , Dawei Yin , Yunfang Wu

Text-based Question Generation (QG) aims at generating natural and relevant questions that can be answered by a given answer in some context. Existing QG models suffer from a "semantic drift" problem, i.e., the semantics of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Shiyue Zhang , Mohit Bansal

Quality assessment of AI-generated content is crucial for evaluating model capability and guiding model optimization. However, most existing quality assessment datasets and models provide only a single quality score, which is too coarse to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shushi Wang , Zicheng Zhang , Chunyi Li , Wei Wang , Liya Ma , Fengjiao Chen , Xiaoyu Li , Xuezhi Cao , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

This paper unveils CG-Eval, the first-ever comprehensive and automated evaluation framework designed for assessing the generative capabilities of large Chinese language models across a spectrum of academic disciplines. CG-Eval stands out…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hui Zeng , Jingyuan Xue , Meng Hao , Chen Sun , Bin Ning , Na Zhang

Question generation (QG) is a natural language generation task where a model is trained to ask questions corresponding to some input text. Most recent approaches frame QG as a sequence-to-sequence problem and rely on additional features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Luis Enrico Lopez , Diane Kathryn Cruz , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Charibeth Cheng

Previous methods on knowledge base question generation (KBQG) primarily focus on enhancing the quality of a single generated question. Recognizing the remarkable paraphrasing ability of humans, we contend that diverse texts should convey…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Shasha Guo , Jing Zhang , Xirui Ke , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Automatic dialogue coherence evaluation has attracted increasing attention and is crucial for developing promising dialogue systems. However, existing metrics have two major limitations: (a) they are mostly trained in a simplified two-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Zheng Ye , Liucun Lu , Lishan Huang , Liang Lin , Xiaodan Liang

Long-Form Question Answering (LFQA) involves generating comprehensive, paragraph-level responses to open-ended questions, which poses a significant challenge for evaluation due to the richness of information and flexible response format.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuchen Fan , Chen Lin , Xin Zhong , Shuo Zhang , Heng Zhou , Yuchen Zhang , Mingyu Liang , Chengxing Xie , Ermo Hua , Gang Chen , Zhizhou He , Cheng Huang , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

While Large language models (LLMs) have become excellent writing assistants, they still struggle with quotation generation. This is because they either hallucinate when providing factual quotations or fail to provide quotes that exceed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jin Xiao , Bowei Zhang , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Feng Wei , Jinglei Chen , Zujie Liang , Deqing Yang , Yanghua Xiao

Summarization evaluation remains an open research problem: current metrics such as ROUGE are known to be limited and to correlate poorly with human judgments. To alleviate this issue, recent work has proposed evaluation metrics which rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Thomas Scialom , Paul-Alexis Dray , Patrick Gallinari , Sylvain Lamprier , Benjamin Piwowarski , Jacopo Staiano , Alex Wang

Question generation (QG) from a given context can enhance comprehension, engagement, assessment, and overall efficacy in learning or conversational environments. Despite recent advancements in QG, the challenge of enhancing or measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Hokeun Yoon , JinYeong Bak

Conversational Question Generation (CQG) is a critical task for machines to assist humans in fulfilling their information needs through conversations. The task is generally cast into two different settings: answer-aware and answer-unaware.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Xuan Long Do , Bowei Zou , Shafiq Joty , Anh Tai Tran , Liangming Pan , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Automated question-answering (QA) systems increasingly rely on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground large language models (LLMs) in authoritative medical knowledge, ensuring clinical accuracy and patient safety in Artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Aswini Sivakumar , Vijayan Sugumaran , Yao Qiang

Ambiguous questions are a challenge for Question Answering models, as they require answers that cover multiple interpretations of the original query. To this end, these models are required to generate long-form answers that often combine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Konstantinos Papakostas , Irene Papadopoulou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are increasingly deployed in user-facing applications, yet systematic, human-centered evaluation of their outputs remains underexplored. Building on Gienapp's utility-dimension framework, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Aline Mangold , Kiran Hoffmann

We present CODE-GEN, a human-in-the-Loop, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based agentic AI system for generating context-aligned multiple-choice questions to develop student code reasoning and comprehension abilities. CODE-GEN employs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xiaojing Duan , Frederick Nwanganga , Chaoli Wang

Generating some appealing questions in open-domain conversations is an effective way to improve human-machine interactions and lead the topic to a broader or deeper direction. To avoid dull or deviated questions, some researchers tried to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Lei Shen , Fandong Meng , Jinchao Zhang , Yang Feng , Jie Zhou

As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Chao Kong , Shuyu Wei , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Jitao Sang