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Related papers: Automata Extraction from Transformers

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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on formal language tasks, yet whether this reflects genuine symbolic reasoning or pattern matching on familiar constructions remains unclear. We introduce a benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shlok Shelat , Jay Raval , Souvik Roy , Manas Gaur

The development of Machine Learning (ML) models is more than just a special case of software development (SD): ML models acquire properties and fulfill requirements even without direct human interaction in a seemingly uncontrollable manner.…

This paper presents statistical language and translation models based on collections of small finite state machines we call ``head automata''. The models are intended to capture the lexical sensitivity of N-gram models and direct…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Hiyan Alshawi

Automata learning techniques automatically generate system models from test observations. These techniques usually fall into two categories: passive and active. Passive learning uses a predetermined data set, e.g., system logs. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Martin Tappler , Bernhard K. Aichernig , Giovanni Bacci , Maria Eichlseder , Kim G. Larsen

Transformers have dominated empirical machine learning models of natural language processing. In this paper, we introduce basic concepts of Transformers and present key techniques that form the recent advances of these models. This includes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Transformer model architectures have garnered immense interest lately due to their effectiveness across a range of domains like language, vision and reinforcement learning. In the field of natural language processing for example,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yi Tay , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Donald Metzler

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find a near-optimal policy using pre-collected datasets. In real-world scenarios, data collection could be costly and risky; therefore, offline RL becomes particularly challenging when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ruizhe Shi , Yuyao Liu , Yanjie Ze , Simon S. Du , Huazhe Xu

Despite their original goal to jointly learn to align and translate, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models, especially Transformer, are often perceived as not learning interpretable word alignments. In this paper, we show that NMT models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Shuoyang Ding , Hainan Xu , Philipp Koehn

Automata learning has many applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Central to these applications is the $L^*$ algorithm, introduced by Angluin. The $L^*$ algorithm learns deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sebastian Hagedorn , Martín Muñoz , Cristian Riveros , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

This paper proposes a transition system abstraction framework for neural network dynamical system models to enhance the model interpretability, with applications to complex dynamical systems such as human behavior learning and verification.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-20 Yejiang Yang , Zihao Mo , Hoang-Dung Tran , Weiming Xiang

What do large language models actually model? Do they tell us something about human capacities, or are they models of the corpus we've trained them on? I give a non-deflationary defence of the latter position. Cognitive science tells us…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Colin Klein

Transformers have generally supplanted recurrent neural networks as the dominant architecture for both natural language processing tasks and for modelling the effect of predictability on online human language comprehension. However, two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 James A. Michaelov , Catherine Arnett , Benjamin K. Bergen

This document provides a brief introduction to the attention mechanism used in modern language models based on the Transformer architecture. We first illustrate how text is encoded as vectors and how the attention mechanism processes these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Michel Fabrice Serret

This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the explainability and interpretability of machine learning (ML) models within the context of predictive process mining, using the PRISMA framework. Given the rapid advancement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Nijat Mehdiyev , Maxim Majlatow , Peter Fettke

Long-sequence transformers are designed to improve the representation of longer texts by language models and their performance on downstream document-level tasks. However, not much is understood about the quality of token-level predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Kamil Bujel , Andrew Caines , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei

Automatic term extraction (ATE) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task that eases the effort of manually identifying terms from domain-specific corpora by providing a list of candidate terms. As units of knowledge in a specific field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Hanh Thi Hong Tran , Matej Martinc , Jaya Caporusso , Antoine Doucet , Senja Pollak

Transformer, a deep neural network architecture, has long dominated the field of natural language processing and beyond. Nevertheless, the recent introduction of Mamba challenges its supremacy, sparks considerable interest among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yuchen Zou , Yineng Chen , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

The Transformer architecture has become prominent in developing large causal language models. However, mechanisms to explain its capabilities are not well understood. Focused on the training process, here we establish a meta-learning view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xinbo Wu , Lav R. Varshney

Language models (LMs) are sentence-completion engines trained on massive corpora. LMs have emerged as a significant breakthrough in natural-language processing, providing capabilities that go far beyond sentence completion including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Robert E. Wray , III , James R. Kirk , John E. Laird