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In this paper, we study minimal (with respect to inclusion) zero forcing sets. We first investigate when a graph can have polynomially or exponentially many distinct minimal zero forcing sets. We also study the maximum size of a minimal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-18 Boris Brimkov , Joshua Carlson

The zero forcing number Z(G), which is the minimum number of vertices in a zero forcing set of a graph G, is used to study the maximum nullity / minimum rank of the family of symmetric matrices described by G. It is shown that for a…

In the Independent Set Reconfiguration problem under the Token Addition/Removal rule, given a graph $G$ and two independent sets $I$ and $J$ of $G$, we want to transform $I$ into $J$ by adding and removing vertices, such that all the sets…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hung P. Hoang , Naoto Ohsaka , Rin Saito , Yuma Tamura

We present the first results on the parameterized complexity of reconfiguration problems, where a reconfiguration version of an optimization problem $Q$ takes as input two feasible solutions $S$ and $T$ and determines if there is a sequence…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-08-23 Amer E. Mouawad , Naomi Nishimura , Venkatesh Raman , Narges Simjour , Akira Suzuki

While a number of bounds are known on the zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ expressed in terms of the order of a graph and maximum or minimum degree, we present two bounds that are related to the (upper) total domination number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Boštjan Brešar , María Gracia Cornet , Tanja Dravec , Michael Henning

Given a dominating set, how much smaller a dominating set can we find through elementary operations? Here, we proceed by iterative vertex addition and removal while maintaining the property that the set forms a dominating set of bounded…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Alexandre Blanché , Haruka Mizuta , Paul Ouvrard , Akira Suzuki

Zero forcing is a propagation process on a graph, or digraph, defined in linear algebra to provide a bound for the minimum rank problem. Independently, zero forcing was introduced in physics, computer science and network science, areas…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-28 Daniela Ferrero , Thomas Kalinowski , Sudeep Stephen

We consider the capacitated domination problem, which models a service-requirement assigning scenario and which is also a generalization of the dominating set problem. In this problem, we are given a graph with three parameters defined on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-08-24 Mong-Jen Kao , D. T. Lee

A set $Z$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is a zero forcing set of $G$ if initially labeling all vertices in $Z$ with $1$ and all remaining vertices of $G$ with $0$, and then, iteratively and as long as possible, changing the label of some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Michael Gentner , Dieter Rautenbach

Given a graph $G$ with a vertex threshold function $\tau$, consider a dynamic process in which any inactive vertex $v$ becomes activated whenever at least $\tau(v)$ of its neighbors are activated. A vertex set $S$ is called a target set if…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Naoto Ohsaka

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A subset $D\subseteq V$ is a dominating set if every vertex not in $D$ is adjacent to a vertex in $D$. A dominating set $D$ is called a total dominating set if every vertex in $D$ is adjacent to a vertex in $D$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-09 Fu-Tao Hu , Jun-Ming Xu

We study the problem of deciding reconfigurability of target sets of a graph. Given a graph $G$ with vertex thresholds $\tau$, consider a dynamic process in which vertex $v$ becomes activated once at least $\tau(v)$ of its neighbors are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Naoto Ohsaka

Zero forcing in graphs is a coloring process where a colored vertex can force its unique uncolored neighbor to be colored. A zero forcing set is a set of initially colored vertices capable of eventually coloring all vertices of the graph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Krishna Menon , Anurag Singh

The classic technique of Baker [J. ACM '94] is the most fundamental approach for designing approximation schemes on planar, or more generally topologically-constrained graphs, and it has been applied in a myriad of different variants and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Tuukka Korhonen , Wojciech Nadara , Michał Pilipczuk , Marek Sokołowski

Assume we are given a graph $G$, two independent sets $S$ and $T$ in $G$ of size $k \geq 1$, and a positive integer $\ell \geq 1$. The goal is to decide whether there exists a sequence $\langle I_0, I_1, ..., I_\ell \rangle$ of independent…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Akanksha Agrawal , Soumita Hait , Amer E. Mouawad

The study of power domination in graphs arises from the problem of placing a minimum number of measurement devices in an electrical network while monitoring the entire network. A power dominating set of a graph is a set of vertices from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Boris Brimkov , Derek Mikesell , Logan Smith

Zero forcing is a binary coloring game on a graph where a set of filled vertices can force non-filled vertices to become filled following a color change rule. In 2008, the zero forcing number of a graph was shown to be an upper bound on its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Thomas R. Cameron , Jonad Pulaj

Given a graph $G$ and two independent sets of same size, the Independent Set Reconfiguration Problem under token sliding ask whether one can, in a step by step manner, transform the first independent set into the second one. In each step we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jona Dirks , Alexandre Vigny

In a reconfiguration version of an optimization problem $\mathcal{Q}$ the input is an instance of $\mathcal{Q}$ and two feasible solutions $S$ and $T$. The objective is to determine whether there exists a step-by-step transformation between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Daniel Lokshtanov , Amer E. Mouawad , Fahad Panolan , Sebastian Siebertz

Given two $k$-independent sets $I$ and $J$ of a graph $G$, one can ask if it is possible to transform the one into the other in such a way that, at any step, we replace one vertex of the current independent set by another while keeping the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Nicolas Bousquet , Arnaud Mary , Aline Parreau