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The vulnerability of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) to jailbreak attacks appears as no surprise. However, recent defense mechanisms against these attacks have reached near-saturation performance on benchmark evaluations, often with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yangyang Guo , Fangkai Jiao , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Jailbreak attacks to Large audio-language models (LALMs) are studied recently, but they exclusively focused on the attack scenario where the adversary can fully manipulate user prompts (named strong adversary) and limited in effectiveness,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guangke Chen , Fu Song , Zhe Zhao , Xiaojun Jia , Yang Liu , Yanchen Qiao , Weizhe Zhang , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Bo Du

As the integration of the Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications increases, so does their susceptibility to misuse, raising significant security concerns. Numerous jailbreak attacks have been proposed to assess the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Bijoy Ahmed Saiem , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Rakib Ahsan , Md Rafi ur Rashid

Jailbreak attacks aim to bypass the LLMs' safeguards. While researchers have proposed different jailbreak attacks in depth, they have done so in isolation -- either with unaligned settings or comparing a limited range of methods. To fill…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junjie Chu , Yugeng Liu , Ziqing Yang , Xinyue Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements and are now widely used across various domains. Unfortunately, there has been a rising concern that LLMs can be misused to generate harmful or malicious content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Bochuan Cao , Yuanpu Cao , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, ensuring their safety against misuse becomes crucial. While researchers have focused on developing robust defenses, no method has yet achieved complete invulnerability to attacks. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Alwin Peng , Julian Michael , Henry Sleight , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving from single-modal systems to multimodal LLMs and intelligent agents, significantly expanding their capabilities while introducing increasingly severe security risks. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yanxu Mao , Tiehan Cui , Peipei Liu , Datao You , Hongsong Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that bypass safety guidelines and generate harmful content. Mitigating these vulnerabilities requires defense mechanisms that are both robust and computationally efficient.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gil Goren , Shahar Katz , Lior Wolf

Prompt injection (both direct and indirect) and jailbreaking are now recognized as significant issues for large language models (LLMs), particularly due to their potential for harm in application-integrated contexts. This extended abstract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Simon Ostermann , Kevin Baum , Christoph Endres , Julia Masloh , Patrick Schramowski

We show that even the most recent safety-aligned LLMs are not robust to simple adaptive jailbreaking attacks. First, we demonstrate how to successfully leverage access to logprobs for jailbreaking: we initially design an adversarial prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Maksym Andriushchenko , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) by crafting adversarial prompts that bypass alignment mechanisms, causing the models to produce harmful, restricted, or biased content. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xiangman Li , Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu

In recent years, the security vulnerabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a serious concern in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) research. These highly intelligent models, capable of performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Joaquin Molto , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

This paper proposes a guaranteed defense method for large language models (LLMs) to safeguard against jailbreaking attacks. Drawing inspiration from the denoised-smoothing approach in the adversarial defense domain, we propose a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Haichang Gao

Recent research has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to automated jailbreak attacks, where adversarial suffixes crafted by algorithms appended to harmful queries bypass safety alignment and trigger unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chung-En Sun , Xiaodong Liu , Weiwei Yang , Tsui-Wei Weng , Hao Cheng , Aidan San , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has underscored concerns regarding their security vulnerabilities, notably against jailbreak attacks, where adversaries design jailbreak prompts to circumvent safety mechanisms for potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yingchaojie Feng , Zhizhang Chen , Zhining Kang , Sijia Wang , Haoyu Tian , Wei Zhang , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against large language models (LLMs), eliciting them to generate objectionable content in response to harmful user queries. Unlike previous LLM-jailbreak methods that directly orient to LLMs, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haoxuan Ji , Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua

Jailbreak attacks, where harmful prompts bypass generative models' built-in safety, raise serious concerns about model vulnerability. While many defense methods have been proposed, the trade-offs between safety and helpfulness, and their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhuohang Long , Siyuan Wang , Shujun Liu , Yuhang Lai , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) comprise of both visual and textual modalities to process vision language tasks. However, MLLMs are vulnerable to security-related issues, such as jailbreak attacks that alter the model's input to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xingwei Zhong , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet they also introduce novel security challenges. For instance, prompt jailbreaking attacks involve adversaries crafting sophisticated prompts to elicit responses from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhaoqi Wang , Daqing He , Zijian Zhang , Xin Li , Liehuang Zhu , Meng Li , Jiamou Liu

Large language model (LLM) safety is a critical issue, with numerous studies employing red team testing to enhance model security. Among these, jailbreak methods explore potential vulnerabilities by crafting malicious prompts that induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Honglin Mu , Han He , Yuxin Zhou , Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Libo Qin , Xiaoming Shi , Zeming Liu , Xudong Han , Qi Shi , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che