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Background: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in healthcare and medical consultation settings, a growing concern is whether these models can respond to medical inquiries in a manner that is ethically…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Hanhui Xu , Jiacheng Ji , Haoan Jin , Han Ying , Mengyue Wu

With the recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT from OpenAI, BARD from Google, Llama2 from Meta, and Claude from Anthropic AI, gain widespread use, ensuring their security and robustness is critical. The widespread…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Sonali Singh , Faranak Abri , Akbar Siami Namin

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

LLM-based Conversational AIs (CAIs), also known as GenAI chatbots, like ChatGPT, are increasingly used across various domains, but they pose privacy risks, as users may disclose personal information during their conversations with CAIs.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xiao Zhan , Juan Carlos Carrillo , William Seymour , Jose Such

The recent rise in popularity of large language models (LLMs) has prompted considerable concerns about their moral capabilities. Although considerable effort has been dedicated to aligning LLMs with human moral values, existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Alessio Galatolo , Luca Alberto Rappuoli , Katie Winkle , Meriem Beloucif

A surge of recent work explores the ethical and societal implications of large-scale AI models that make "moral" judgments. Much of this literature focuses either on alignment with human judgments through various thought experiments or on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Gaurab Pokharel , Shafkat Farabi , Patrick J. Fowler , Sanmay Das

When encountering increasingly frequent performance improvements or cost reductions from a new large language model (LLM), developers of applications leveraging LLMs must decide whether to take advantage of these improvements or stay with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Rubing Li , João Sedoc , Arun Sundararajan

Large Language Model (LLMs) such as ChatGPT that exhibit generative AI capabilities are facing accelerated adoption and innovation. The increased presence of Generative AI (GAI) inevitably raises concerns about the risks and safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jaymari Chua , Yun Li , Shiyi Yang , Chen Wang , Lina Yao

This article examines the advantages and disadvantages of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in research and education and proposes the urgent need for an international statement to guide their responsible use.…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-13 Ahmed S. BaHammam , Khaled Trabelsi , Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal , Hiatham Jahrami

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLM) on mobile devices offers significant potential for medical applications, enhancing privacy, security, and cost-efficiency by eliminating reliance on cloud-based services and keeping sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Leon Nissen , Philipp Zagar , Vishnu Ravi , Aydin Zahedivash , Lara Marie Reimer , Stephan Jonas , Oliver Aalami , Paul Schmiedmayer

Privacy represents one of the most critical yet underaddressed barriers to AI adoption in mental healthcare -- particularly in high-sensitivity operational environments such as military, correctional, and remote healthcare settings, where…

Mobile Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and education with their ability to perform advanced natural language processing tasks on-the-go. However, the deployment of these models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Honghui Xu , Kaiyang Li , Wei Chen , Danyang Zheng , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in applications targeting children and adolescents necessitates a fundamental reassessment of prevailing AI safety frameworks, which are largely tailored to adult users and neglect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wenpeng Xing , Lanyi Wei , Haixiao Hu , Jingyi Yu , Rongchang Li , Mohan Li , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Large language model (LLM) developers aim for their models to be honest, helpful, and harmless. However, when faced with malicious requests, models are trained to refuse, sacrificing helpfulness. We show that frontier LLMs can develop a…

This study establishes a novel framework for systematically evaluating the moral reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as they increasingly integrate into critical societal domains. Current assessment methodologies lack the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Abhejay Murali , Kevin Chen , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming mental health care by enhancing accessibility, personalization, and efficiency in therapeutic interventions. These AI-driven tools empower mental health professionals with real-time support,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hari Mohan Pandey

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities and contributed to multiple fields, such as generating and summarizing text, language translation, and question-answering. Nowadays, LLM is becoming a very popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly agentic, capable of general reasoning, planning, and value prioritization, current safety practices that treat obedience as a proxy for ethical behavior are becoming inadequate. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Joseph Boland

The AI era has ushered in Large Language Models (LLM) to the technological forefront, which has been much of the talk in 2023, and is likely to remain as such for many years to come. LLMs are the AI models that are the power house behind…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Anjanava Biswas , Wrick Talukdar