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Large language model (LLM) outputs arise from complex interactions among prompts, system instructions, model parameters, and architecture. We refer to specific configurations of these factors as generation conditions, each of which can bias…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Amal Alnouri , Andreas Hinterreiter , Christina Humer , Furui Cheng , Marc Streit

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance through extended inference-time deliberation, yet how their reasoning failures arise remains poorly understood. By analyzing model-generated reasoning trajectories, we find that errors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wei Zhu , Jian Zhang , Lixing Yu , Kun Yue , Zhiwen Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable interest due to their impressive natural language capabilities, which in conjunction with various emergent properties make them versatile tools in workflows ranging from complex code…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-10-22 Ge Lei , Ronan Docherty , Samuel J. Cooper

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, yet face challenges in specialized tasks such as simulating opinions on environmental policies. This paper introduces a novel fine-tuning approach that integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Haocheng Lin

Large language models (LLMs) can capture rich representations of concepts that are useful for real-world tasks. However, language alone is limited. While existing LLMs excel at text-based inferences, health applications require that models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Xin Liu , Daniel McDuff , Geza Kovacs , Isaac Galatzer-Levy , Jacob Sunshine , Jiening Zhan , Ming-Zher Poh , Shun Liao , Paolo Di Achille , Shwetak Patel

We explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to replicate human behavior in economic market experiments. Compared to previous studies, we focus on dynamic feedback between LLM agents: the decisions of each LLM impact the market…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-13 R. Maria del Rio-Chanona , Marco Pangallo , Cars Hommes

Large Language Models (LLMs) are effective at deceiving, when prompted to do so. But under what conditions do they deceive spontaneously? Models that demonstrate better performance on reasoning tasks are also better at prompted deception.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Samuel M. Taylor , Benjamin K. Bergen

Material selection is a crucial step in conceptual design due to its significant impact on the functionality, aesthetics, manufacturability, and sustainability impact of the final product. This study investigates the use of Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Daniele Grandi , Yash Patawari Jain , Allin Groom , Brandon Cramer , Christopher McComb

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text, yet they largely operate as reactive agents, responding only when directly prompted. This passivity creates an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Deep Anil Patel , Iain Melvin , Christopher Malon , Martin Renqiang Min

The sampling temperature, a critical hyperparameter in large language models (LLMs), modifies the logits before the softmax layer, thereby reshaping the distribution of output tokens. Recent studies have challenged the Stochastic Parrots…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lujun Li , Lama Sleem , Niccolo' Gentile , Geoffrey Nichil , Radu State

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering tasks is growing, especially in the areas of bug fixing and code generation. Nevertheless, these models often yield unstable results; when executed at different times with the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Mehmet Bilal Er , Nagehan İlhan , Umut Kuran

A potential concern when simulating populations of large language models (LLMs) is data contamination, i.e. the possibility that training data may shape outcomes in unintended ways. While this concern is important and may hinder certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ariel Flint Ashery , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit compelling linguistic behaviour, and sometimes offer self-reports, that is to say statements about their own nature, inner workings, or behaviour. In humans, such reports are often attributed to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Iulia M. Comsa , Murray Shanahan

Time series data plays a critical role across diverse domains such as healthcare, energy, and finance, where tasks like classification, anomaly detection, and forecasting are essential for informed decision-making. Recently, large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Francis Tang , Ying Ding

We investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to disentangle text variables--to remove the textual traces of an undesired forbidden variable in a task sometimes known as text distillation and closely related to the fairness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Nicolas Audinet de Pieuchon , Adel Daoud , Connor Thomas Jerzak , Moa Johansson , Richard Johansson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged, attracting considerable attention due to their ability to generate highly natural, human-like text. This study compares the latent community structures of LLM-generated text and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mose Park , Yunjin Choi , Jong-June Jeon

Molecule generation requires satisfying multiple chemical and biological constraints while searching a large and structured chemical space. This makes it a non-binary problem, where effective models must identify non-obvious solutions under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wen Tao , Yiwei Wang , Peng Zhou , Bryan Hooi , Wanlong Fang , Tianle Zhang , Xiao Luo , Yuansheng Liu , Alvin Chan

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) is fueled by the growing reliance on datasets that blend real and synthetic data. While synthetic data offers scalability and cost-efficiency, it often introduces systematic distributional…

The exponential growth of text-based data in domains such as healthcare, education, and social sciences has outpaced the capacity of traditional qualitative analysis methods, which are time-intensive and prone to subjectivity. Large…

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT models, are increasingly used in software engineering for various tasks, such as code generation, requirements management, and debugging. While automating these tasks has garnered significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Chetan Arora , Ahnaf Ibn Sayeed , Sherlock Licorish , Fanyu Wang , Christoph Treude