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This paper aims to enhance low-resource TTS by reducing training data requirements using compact speech representations. A Multi-Stage Multi-Codebook (MSMC) VQ-GAN is trained to learn the representation, MSMCR, and decode it to waveforms.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Xixin Wu , Hui Lu , Helen Meng

The tokenization of speech with neural audio codec models is a vital part of modern AI pipelines for the generation or understanding of speech, alone or in a multimodal context. Traditionally such tokenization models have concentrated on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Julian D Parker , Anton Smirnov , Jordi Pons , CJ Carr , Zack Zukowski , Zach Evans , Xubo Liu

Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) offers simplified training but suffers from residual magnitude decay in multi-stage settings, where subsequent stages receive exponentially weaker signals. We propose Robust Residual Finite Scalar…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Xiaoxu Zhu , Xiaojie Yu , Guangchao Yao , Yiming Ren , Baoxiang Li

In speech synthesis and speech enhancement systems, melspectrograms need to be precise in acoustic representations. However, the generated spectrograms are over-smooth, that could not produce high quality synthesized speech. Inspired by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 Leyuan Sheng , Dong-Yan Huang , Evgeniy N. Pavlovskiy

With recent rapid growth of large language models (LLMs), discrete speech tokenization has played an important role for injecting speech into LLMs. However, this discretization gives rise to a loss of information, consequently impairing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Zhichao Huang , Chutong Meng , Tom Ko

We propose a novel approach for time-scale modification of audio signals. Unlike traditional methods that rely on the framing technique or the short-time Fourier transform to preserve the frequency during temporal stretching, our neural…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Ernie Chu , Ju-Ting Chen , Chia-Ping Chen

Neural speech codecs aim to compress input signals into minimal bits while maintaining content quality in a low-latency manner. However, existing neural codecs often trade model complexity for reconstruction performance. These codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuzhe Gu , Enmao Diao

We present MELLE, a novel continuous-valued token based language modeling approach for text-to-speech synthesis (TTS). MELLE autoregressively generates continuous mel-spectrogram frames directly from text condition, bypassing the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Lingwei Meng , Long Zhou , Shujie Liu , Sanyuan Chen , Bing Han , Shujie Hu , Yanqing Liu , Jinyu Li , Sheng Zhao , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng , Furu Wei

This work introduces TTS-Transducer - a novel architecture for text-to-speech, leveraging the strengths of audio codec models and neural transducers. Transducers, renowned for their superior quality and robustness in speech recognition, are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Vladimir Bataev , Subhankar Ghosh , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Jason Li

Bitrate scalability is a desirable feature for audio coding in real-time communications. Existing neural audio codecs usually enforce a specific bitrate during training, so different models need to be trained for each target bitrate, which…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Xue Jiang , Xiulian Peng , Huaying Xue , Yuan Zhang , Yan Lu

Neural audio codecs have recently enabled high-fidelity reconstruction at high compression rates, especially for speech. However, speech and non-speech audio exhibit fundamentally different spectral characteristics: speech energy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Haoran Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Bohan Li , Kai Yu , Shinji Watanabe

Speech codecs are traditionally optimized for waveform fidelity, allocating bits to preserve acoustic detail even when much of it can be inferred from linguistic structure. This leads to inefficient compression and suboptimal performance on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Liuyang Bai , Weiyi Lu , Li Guo

Vocoders received renewed attention as main components in statistical parametric text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis and speech transformation systems. Even though there are vocoding techniques give almost accepted synthesized speech, their high…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Mohammed Salah Al-Radhi , Tamás Gábor Csapó , Géza Németh

Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis has seen renewed progress under the discrete modeling paradigm. Existing autoregressive approaches often rely on single-codebook representations, which suffer from significant information loss. Even with…

State-of-the-art non-autoregressive text-to-speech (TTS) models based on FastSpeech 2 can efficiently synthesise high-fidelity and natural speech. For expressive speech datasets however, we observe characteristic audio distortions. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Fabian Kögel , Bac Nguyen , Fabien Cardinaux

Transformers have drawn attention in the MIR field for their remarkable performance shown in natural language processing and computer vision. However, prior works in the audio processing domain mostly use Transformer as a temporal feature…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Wei-Tsung Lu , Ju-Chiang Wang , Minz Won , Keunwoo Choi , Xuchen Song

This paper proposes a novel semi-supervised TTS framework, QS-TTS, to improve TTS quality with lower supervised data requirements via Vector-Quantized Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning (VQ-S3RL) utilizing more unlabeled speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Jiawen Kang , Yujia Xiao , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Audio codecs are a critical component of modern speech generation systems. This paper introduces a low-bitrate, multi-scale residual codec that encodes speech into four distinct streams: semantic, timbre, prosody, and residual. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Jingyu Li , Guangyan Zhang , Zhen Ye , Yiwen Guo

We propose a novel Multi-Scale Spectrogram (MSS) modelling approach to synthesise speech with an improved coarse and fine-grained prosody. We present a generic multi-scale spectrogram prediction mechanism where the system first predicts…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Ammar Abbas , Bajibabu Bollepalli , Alexis Moinet , Arnaud Joly , Penny Karanasou , Peter Makarov , Simon Slangens , Sri Karlapati , Thomas Drugman

We present STFTCodec, a novel spectral-based neural audio codec that efficiently compresses audio using Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). Unlike waveform-based approaches that require large model capacity and substantial memory…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Tao Feng , Zhiyuan Zhao , Yifan Xie , Yuqi Ye , Xiangyang Luo , Xun Guan , Yu Li