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This paper presents an extensive examination of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) for embedding domain specific facts into Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on improving the fine-tuning process by categorizing question-answer (QA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shivam Ratnakar , Abhiroop Talasila , Raghav Chamadiya , Nikhil Agarwal , Vinayak K Doifode

In privacy-preserving machine learning, differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) performs worse than SGD due to per-sample gradient clipping and noise addition. A recent focus in private learning research is improving the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Xinyu Tang , Ashwinee Panda , Vikash Sehwag , Prateek Mittal

Broad adoption of machine learning techniques has increased privacy concerns for models trained on sensitive data such as medical records. Existing techniques for training differentially private (DP) models give rigorous privacy guarantees,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-04 Zhengli Zhao , Nicolas Papernot , Sameer Singh , Neoklis Polyzotis , Augustus Odena

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) enables private deep learning through per-example clipping and calibrated Gaussian noise, but its high-variance updates can reduce utility on challenging datasets. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mohammad Partohaghighi , Roummel Marcia

How capable are diffusion models of generating synthetics texts? Recent research shows their strengths, with performance reaching that of auto-regressive LLMs. But are they also good in generating synthetic data if the training was under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Sebastian Ochs , Ivan Habernal

The increasing demand for domain-specific and human-aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the widespread adoption of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) techniques. SFT datasets often comprise valuable instruction-response pairs, making…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Zhendong Su

As sufficient data are not always publically accessible for model training, researchers exploit limited data with advanced learning algorithms or expand the dataset via data augmentation (DA). Conducting DA in private domain requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yiping Song , Juhua Zhang , Zhiliang Tian , Yuxin Yang , Minlie Huang , Dongsheng Li

Fine-tuning large pre-trained foundation models (FMs) on distributed edge devices presents considerable computational and privacy challenges. Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) mitigates some privacy issues by facilitating collaborative model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Tianqu Kang , Zixin Wang , Hengtao He , Jun Zhang , Shenghui Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Diffusion models are becoming defector generative models, which generate exceptionally high-resolution image data. Training effective diffusion models require massive real data, which is privately owned by distributed parties. Each data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jiyue Huang , Chi Hong , Lydia Y. Chen , Stefanie Roos

Differentially private data generation techniques have become a promising solution to the data privacy challenge -- it enables sharing of data while complying with rigorous privacy guarantees, which is essential for scientific progress in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Dingfan Chen , Raouf Kerkouche , Mario Fritz

Differential privacy (DP) has become the standard for private data analysis. Certain machine learning applications only require privacy protection for specific protected attributes. Using naive variants of differential privacy in such use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Saeed Mahloujifar , Chuan Guo , G. Edward Suh , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Privacy is a growing concern in modern deep-learning systems and applications. Differentially private (DP) training prevents the leakage of sensitive information in the collected training data from the trained machine learning models. DP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Xinwei Zhang , Zhiqi Bu , Mingyi Hong , Meisam Razaviyayn

Personalized federated learning is extensively utilized in scenarios characterized by data heterogeneity, facilitating more efficient and automated local training on data-owning terminals. This includes the automated selection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chuanyin Wang , Yifei Zhang , Neng Gao , Qiang Luo

We show that differentially private full fine-tuning (DP-FFT) can distort pre-trained backbone features based on both theoretical and empirical results. We identify the cause of the distortion as the misalignment between the pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shuqi Ke , Charlie Hou , Sewoong Oh , Giulia Fanti

Discrete diffusion models (DDMs) have shown powerful generation ability for discrete data modalities like text and molecules. However, their practical application is hindered by inefficient sampling, requiring a large number of sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Feiyang Fu , Tongxian Guo , Zhaoqiang Liu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) has become an essential strategy for adapting them to specialized tasks; however, this process introduces significant privacy challenges, as sensitive training data may be inadvertently memorized and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Hao Du , Shang Liu , Yang Cao

Fine-tuning large language models on sensitive data poses significant privacy risks, as membership inference attacks can reveal whether individual records were used during training. While Differential Privacy (DP) provides formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Pradip Kunwar , Minh Vu , Maanak Gupta , Manish Bhattarai

We address the challenge of sample efficiency in differentially private fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) using DP-SGD. While DP-SGD provides strong privacy guarantees, the added noise significantly increases the entropy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ali Dadsetan , Frank Rudzicz

We study the inherent trade-offs in minimizing privacy risks and maximizing utility, while maintaining high computational efficiency, when fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). A number of recent works in privacy research have attempted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Soumi Das , Camila Kolling , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Mahsa Amani , Bishwamittra Ghosh , Qinyuan Wu , Till Speicher , Krishna P. Gummadi

As on-device large language model (LLM) systems become increasingly prevalent, federated fine-tuning enables advanced language understanding and generation directly on edge devices; however, it also involves processing sensitive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honghui Xu , Shiva Shrestha , Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai