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Automating unit test generation remains a significant challenge, particularly for complex methods in real-world projects. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made strides in code generation, they struggle to achieve high branch coverage…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Sijia Gu , Noor Nashid , Ali Mesbah

Benchmarking in continuous black-box optimisation is hindered by the limited structural diversity of existing test suites such as BBOB. We explore whether large language models embedded in an evolutionary loop can be used to design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Urban Skvorc , Niki van Stein , Moritz Seiler , Britta Grimme , Thomas Bäck , Heike Trautmann

Bayesian optimization (BO) for high-dimensional constrained problems remains a significant challenge due to the curse of dimensionality. We propose Local Constrained Bayesian Optimization (LCBO), a novel framework tailored for such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-10 Jing Jingzhe , Fan Zheyi , Szu Hui Ng , Qingpei Hu

Language models (LMs) are often expected to generate strings in some formal language; for example, structured data, API calls, or code snippets. Although LMs can be tuned to improve their adherence to formal syntax, this does not guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Terry Koo , Frederick Liu , Luheng He

Meta-Bayesian optimisation (meta-BO) aims to improve the sample efficiency of Bayesian optimisation by leveraging data from related tasks. While previous methods successfully meta-learn either a surrogate model or an acquisition function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Alexandre Maraval , Matthieu Zimmer , Antoine Grosnit , Haitham Bou Ammar

Learning for control can acquire controllers for novel robotic tasks, paving the path for autonomous agents. Such controllers can be expert-designed policies, which typically require tuning of parameters for each task scenario. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Akshara Rai , Rika Antonova , Franziska Meier , Christopher G. Atkeson

To lower the expertise barrier in machine learning, the AutoML community has focused on the CASH problem, which jointly automates algorithm selection and hyperparameter tuning. While traditional methods like Bayesian Optimization (BO)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Beicheng Xu , Weitong Qian , Lingching Tung , Yupeng Lu , Bin Cui

Data-efficiency is crucial for autonomous robots to adapt to new tasks and environments. In this work we focus on robotics problems with a budget of only 10-20 trials. This is a very challenging setting even for data-efficient approaches…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Rika Antonova , Akshara Rai , Tianyu Li , Danica Kragic

Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method to optimize costly black-box functions. While traditional BO optimizes each new target task from scratch, meta-learning has emerged as a way to leverage knowledge from related tasks to optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jiarong Pan , Stefan Falkner , Felix Berkenkamp , Joaquin Vanschoren

Optimizing an experimental system can be extremely challenging when each experiment is expensive, time-consuming, or difficult to perform. Existing optimizers for expensive black-box problems, such as Bayesian optimization, are typically…

Large language models (LLMs) can generate structured artifacts, but using them as dependable optimizers for scientific design requires a mechanism for iterative improvement under black-box evaluation. Here, we cast quantum circuit synthesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Adriano Macarone-Palmieri , Rosario Lo Franco

Bayesian adaptive clinical trials offer a flexible and efficient alternative to traditional fixed-design trials, but their implementation is often hindered by the complexity of Bayesian computations and the need for advanced statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-04 Krishna Padmanabhan , Danny Baker

While Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a popular technique for improving Large Language Model (LLM) systems, it introduces a large number of choices, parameters and hyperparameters that must be made or tuned. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Matthew Barker , Andrew Bell , Evan Thomas , James Carr , Thomas Andrews , Umang Bhatt

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a surrogate-assisted global optimization technique that has been successfully applied in various fields, e.g., automated machine learning and design optimization. Built upon a so-called infill-criterion and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Elena Raponi , Hao Wang , Mariusz Bujny , Simonetta Boria , Carola Doerr

The massive successes of large language models (LLMs) encourage the emerging exploration of LLM-augmented Autonomous Agents (LAAs). An LAA is able to generate actions with its core LLM and interact with environments, which facilitates the…

Aligning beamlines at synchrotron light sources is a high-dimensional, expensive-to-sample optimization problem, as beams are focused using a series of dynamic optical components. Bayesian Optimization is an efficient machine learning…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Megha R. Narayanan , Thomas W. Morris

Since the advent of large language models (LLMs), prompt engineering has been a crucial step for eliciting desired responses for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, prompt engineering remains an impediment for end…

Despite their widespread use, large language models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate incorrect information and be poorly calibrated. This makes the uncertainty quantification of these models of critical importance, especially in high-stakes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Colin Samplawski , Adam D. Cobb , Manoj Acharya , Ramneet Kaur , Susmit Jha