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We present a method for neural network interpretability by combining feature attribution with counterfactual explanations to generate attribution maps that highlight the most discriminative features between pairs of classes. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nils Eckstein , Alexander S. Bates , Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis , Jan Funke

We introduce instancewise feature selection as a methodology for model interpretation. Our method is based on learning a function to extract a subset of features that are most informative for each given example. This feature selector is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Jianbo Chen , Le Song , Martin J. Wainwright , Michael I. Jordan

Machine learning models are widely applied in various fields. Stakeholders often use post-hoc feature importance methods to better understand the input features' contribution to the models' predictions. The interpretation of the importance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-19 Bitya Neuhof , Yuval Benjamini

The growing need for trustworthy machine learning has led to the blossom of interpretability research. Numerous explanation methods have been developed to serve this purpose. However, these methods are deficiently and inappropriately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yipei Wang , Xiaoqian Wang

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance, they tend to lack transparency in prediction. The pursuit of greater interpretability in neural networks often results in a degradation of their original performance. Some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Hefeng Wu , Hao Jiang , Keze Wang , Ziyi Tang , Xianghuan He , Liang Lin

High-dimensional measurements are often correlated which motivates their approximation by factor models. This holds also true when features are engineered via low-dimensional interactions or kernel tricks. This often results in over…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-03 Xiaonan Zhu , Bingyan Wang , Jianqing Fan

Transparency of Machine Learning models used for decision support in various industries becomes essential for ensuring their ethical use. To that end, feature attribution methods such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) are widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Anna Bogdanova , Akira Imakura , Tetsuya Sakurai , Tomoya Fujii , Teppei Sakamoto , Hiroyuki Abe

In this work, we study some novel applications of conformal inference techniques to the problem of providing machine learning procedures with more transparent, accurate, and practical performance guarantees. We provide a natural extension…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-10 Matthew J. Holland

It is widely believed that complex machine learning models generally encode features through linear representations. This is the foundational hypothesis behind a vast body of work on interpretability. A key challenge toward extracting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Allen Liu

As the application of deep neural networks proliferates in numerous areas such as medical imaging, video surveillance, and self driving cars, the need for explaining the decisions of these models has become a hot research topic, both at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ronny Luss , Pin-Yu Chen , Amit Dhurandhar , Prasanna Sattigeri , Yunfeng Zhang , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Chun-Chen Tu

Artificial intelligence explanations can make complex predictive models more comprehensible. To be effective, however, they should anticipate and mitigate possible misinterpretations, e.g., arising when users infer incorrect information…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yueqing Xuan , Kacper Sokol , Mark Sanderson , Jeffrey Chan

Post-hoc explanation techniques refer to a posteriori methods that can be used to explain how black-box machine learning models produce their outcomes. Among post-hoc explanation techniques, counterfactual explanations are becoming one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Ulrich Aïvodji , Alexandre Bolot , Sébastien Gambs

We introduce the notion of heterogeneous calibration that applies a post-hoc model-agnostic transformation to model outputs for improving AUC performance on binary classification tasks. We consider overconfident models, whose performance is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-11 David Durfee , Aman Gupta , Kinjal Basu

Post-hoc explanations are widely used to justify, contest, and review automated decisions in high-stakes domains such as lending, employment, and healthcare. Among these methods, SHAP is often treated as providing a reliable account of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Hyunseung Hwang , Seungeun Lee , Lucas Rosenblatt , Steven Euijong Whang , Julia Stoyanovich

Latent factor collaborative filtering (CF) has been a widely used technique for recommender system by learning the semantic representations of users and items. Recently, explainable recommendation has attracted much attention from research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Deng Pan , Xiangrui Li , Xin Li , Dongxiao Zhu

In developing data-driven modeling methodologies, there is an ongoing need to reconcile the strong predictive performance of opaque black-box models with the transparency required for critical applications. This work introduces an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-21 Xin Huang , Jia Li , Jun Yu

Feature construction can contribute to comprehensibility and performance of machine learning models. Unfortunately, it usually requires exhaustive search in the attribute space or time-consuming human involvement to generate meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Boštjan Vouk , Matej Guid , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

This work addresses the challenge of providing consistent explanations for predictive models in the presence of model indeterminacy, which arises due to the existence of multiple (nearly) equally well-performing models for a given dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Dan Ley , Leonard Tang , Matthew Nazari , Hongjin Lin , Suraj Srinivas , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Counterfactual explanations is one of the post-hoc methods used to provide explainability to machine learning models that have been attracting attention in recent years. Most examples in the literature, address the problem of generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Guillermo Navas-Palencia

Data and knowledge representation are fundamental concepts in machine learning. The quality of the representation impacts the performance of the learning model directly. Feature learning transforms or enhances raw data to structures that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Filipe Alves Neto Verri , Renato Tinós , Liang Zhao