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The dynamical stability of the iterates during training plays a key role in determining the minima obtained by optimization algorithms. For example, stable solutions of gradient descent (GD) correspond to flat minima, which have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rotem Mulayoff , Sebastian U. Stich

Most existing analyses of (stochastic) gradient descent rely on the condition that for $L$-smooth costs, the step size is less than $2/L$. However, many works have observed that in machine learning applications step sizes often do not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-10 Kwangjun Ahn , Jingzhao Zhang , Suvrit Sra

We study continual learning on multiple linear classification tasks by sequentially running gradient descent (GD) for a fixed budget of iterations per task. When all tasks are jointly linearly separable and are presented in a cyclic/random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hyunji Jung , Hanseul Cho , Chulhee Yun

This work shows that applying Gradient Descent (GD) with a fixed step size to minimize a (possibly nonconvex) quadratic function is equivalent to running the Power Method (PM) on the gradients. The connection between GD with a fixed step…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-03 Rachael Tappenden , Martin Takáč

In machine learning, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely deployed to train models using highly non-convex objectives with equally complex noise models. Unfortunately, SGD theory often makes restrictive assumptions that fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Vivak Patel , Shushu Zhang , Bowen Tian

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on a low-rank factorization is commonly employed to speed up matrix problems including matrix completion, subspace tracking, and SDP relaxation. In this paper, we exhibit a step size scheme for SGD on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-11 Christopher De Sa , Kunle Olukotun , Christopher Ré

The convergence of stochastic gradient descent is highly dependent on the step-size, especially on non-convex problems such as neural network training. Step decay step-size schedules (constant and then cut) are widely used in practice…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Xiaoyu Wang , Sindri Magnússon , Mikael Johansson

When using stochastic gradient descent to solve large-scale machine learning problems, a common practice of data processing is to shuffle the training data, partition the data across multiple machines if needed, and then perform several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-02 Qi Meng , Wei Chen , Yue Wang , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

We study the generalization performance of gradient methods in the fundamental stochastic convex optimization setting, focusing on its dimension dependence. First, for full-batch gradient descent (GD) we give a construction of a learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Matan Schliserman , Uri Sherman , Tomer Koren

The behavior of the gradient descent (GD) algorithm is analyzed for a deep neural network model with skip-connections. It is proved that in the over-parametrized regime, for a suitable initialization, with high probability GD can find a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Weinan E , Chao Ma , Qingcan Wang , Lei Wu

Many problems encountered in science and engineering can be formulated as estimating a low-rank object (e.g., matrices and tensors) from incomplete, and possibly corrupted, linear measurements. Through the lens of matrix and tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Cong Ma , Xingyu Xu , Tian Tong , Yuejie Chi

In unconstrained optimisation on an Euclidean space, to prove convergence in Gradient Descent processes (GD) $x_{n+1}=x_n-\delta _n \nabla f(x_n)$ it usually is required that the learning rates $\delta _n$'s are bounded: $\delta _n\leq…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Tuyen Trung Truong

Most prior work on the convergence of gradient descent (GD) for overparameterized neural networks relies on strong assumptions on the step size (infinitesimal), the hidden-layer width (infinite), or the initialization (large, spectral,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ziqing Xu , Hancheng Min , Salma Tarmoun , Enrique Mallada , Rene Vidal

In this paper, we study the dynamics of gradient descent in learning neural networks for classification problems. Unlike in existing works, we consider the linearly non-separable case where the training data of different classes lie in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Ziang Long , Penghang Yin , Jack Xin

We consider the gradient method with variable step size for minimizing functions that are definable in o-minimal structures on the real field and differentiable with locally Lipschitz gradients. We prove that global convergence holds if…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Cédric Josz

We present a strikingly simple proof that two rules are sufficient to automate gradient descent: 1) don't increase the stepsize too fast and 2) don't overstep the local curvature. No need for functional values, no line search, no…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Yura Malitsky , Konstantin Mishchenko

We show that in a variety of large-scale deep learning scenarios the gradient dynamically converges to a very small subspace after a short period of training. The subspace is spanned by a few top eigenvectors of the Hessian (equal to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Guy Gur-Ari , Daniel A. Roberts , Ethan Dyer

We study generalization properties of random features (RF) regression in high dimensions optimized by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in under-/over-parameterized regime. In this work, we derive precise non-asymptotic error bounds of RF…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Fanghui Liu , Johan A. K. Suykens , Volkan Cevher

In this paper, we consider a general stochastic optimization problem which is often at the core of supervised learning, such as deep learning and linear classification. We consider a standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method with a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-27 Lam M. Nguyen , Nam H. Nguyen , Dzung T. Phan , Jayant R. Kalagnanam , Katya Scheinberg

Motivated by applications in Optimization, Game Theory, and the training of Generative Adversarial Networks, the convergence properties of first order methods in min-max problems have received extensive study. It has been recognized that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ioannis Panageas