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In the agricultural domain, the deployment of large language models (LLMs) is hindered by the lack of training data and evaluation benchmarks. To mitigate this issue, we propose AgriEval, the first comprehensive Chinese agricultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Lian Yan , Haotian Wang , Chen Tang , Haifeng Liu , Tianyang Sun , Liangliang Liu , Yi Guan , Jingchi Jiang

The widespread adoption and increasing prominence of large language models (LLMs) in global technologies necessitate a rigorous focus on ensuring their safety across a diverse range of linguistic and cultural contexts. The lack of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhiyuan Ning , Tianle Gu , Jiaxin Song , Shixin Hong , Lingyu Li , Huacan Liu , Jie Li , Yixu Wang , Meng Lingyu , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on natural-language logical reasoning is essential because rule-governed tasks require conclusions to follow strictly from stated premises. Many existing logical-reasoning benchmarks are generated by…

Large language models (LLMs) based AI systems increasingly mediate what billions of people see, choose and buy. This creates an urgent need to quantify the systemic risks of LLM-driven market intermediation, including its implications for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jasmine Rienecker , Katarina Mpofu , Naman Goel , Siddhartha Datta , Jun Zhao , Oscar Danielsson , Fredrik Thorsen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive domains, yet their unpredictable behaviors, ranging from misaligned intent to inconsistent personality, pose significant risks. We introduce SteerEval, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ziwen Xu , Kewei Xu , Haoming Xu , Haiwen Hong , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Ningyu Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Guozhou Zheng , Huajun Chen , Shumin Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various applications, but their deployment in real-world settings faces several risks, including jailbreak attacks and privacy leaks. To mitigate these risks, numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiangtao Meng , Tianshuo Cong , Li Wang , Wenyu Chen , Zheng Li , Shanqing Guo , Xiaoyun Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more prevalent, concerns about their safety, ethics, and potential biases have risen. Systematically evaluating LLMs' risk decision-making tendencies and attitudes, particularly in the ethical domain,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yifan Zeng , Liang Kairong , Fangzhou Dong , Peijia Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce surprisingly sophisticated estimates of their own uncertainty. However, it remains unclear to what extent this expressed confidence is tied to the reasoning, knowledge, or decision making of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiawei Wang , Yanfei Zhou , Siddartha Devic , Deqing Fu

Recently, there has been growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for scientific research. Numerous benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate the ability of LLMs for scientific research. However, current benchmarks are mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Liangtai Sun , Yang Han , Zihan Zhao , Da Ma , Zhennan Shen , Baocai Chen , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

When Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed in Chinese-language settings, a troubling pattern emerges: safety systems that work well in English break down. These systems struggle to cross linguistic and cultural bound-aries, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wajdi Zaghouani , Kholoud K. Aldous , Yicheng Gao

Today's cyber defenders are overwhelmed by a deluge of security alerts, threat intelligence signals, and shifting business context, creating an urgent need for AI systems to enhance operational security work. While Large Language Models…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly large language models (LLMs), in finance has garnered increasing academic attention. Despite progress, existing studies predominantly focus on tasks like financial…

The increasing rate of road accidents worldwide results not only in significant loss of life but also imposes billions financial burdens on societies. Current research in traffic crash frequency modeling and analysis has predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhiwen Fan , Pu Wang , Yang Zhao , Yibo Zhao , Boris Ivanovic , Zhangyang Wang , Marco Pavone , Hao Frank Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation and code repair, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jiexin Wang , Xitong Luo , Liuwen Cao , Hongkui He , Hailin Huang , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in everyday decision-making, their safety responsibilities extend beyond reacting to explicit harmful intent toward anticipating unintended but consequential risks. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xuan Luo , Yubin Chen , Zhiyu Hou , Linpu Yu , Geng Tu , Jing Li , Ruifeng Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into vehicle-based digital assistants, where unsafe, ambiguous, or legally incorrect responses can lead to serious safety, ethical, and regulatory consequences. Despite growing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Abhishek Kumar , Riya Tapwal , Carsten Maple

What a large language model (LLM) would respond in ethically relevant context? In this paper, we curate a large benchmark CMoralEval for morality evaluation of Chinese LLMs. The data sources of CMoralEval are two-fold: 1) a Chinese TV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Linhao Yu , Yongqi Leng , Yufei Huang , Shang Wu , Haixin Liu , Xinmeng Ji , Jiahui Zhao , Jinwang Song , Tingting Cui , Xiaoqing Cheng , Tao Liu , Deyi Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have achieved impressive milestones in natural language processing (NLP). Despite their impressive performance, the models are known to pose important risks. As these models are deployed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Ke Shen , Mayank Kejriwal