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Ransomware operations have evolved from relatively unsophisticated threat actors into highly coordinated cybercrime syndicates that regularly extort millions of dollars in a single attack. Despite dominating headlines and crippling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Ian W. Gray , Jack Cable , Benjamin Brown , Vlad Cuiujuclu , Damon McCoy

Ransomware uses encryption methods to make data inaccessible to legitimate users. To date a wide range of ransomware families have been developed and deployed, causing immense damage to governments, corporations, and private users. As these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Aldin Vehabovic , Nasir Ghani , Elias Bou-Harb , Jorge Crichigno , Aysegul Yayimli

In the current era of interconnected cyberspace, there is an adverse effect of ransomware on individuals, startups, and large companies. Cybercriminals hold digital assets till the demand for payment is made. The success of ransomware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sharmila S P

Ransomware is a growing threat that typically operates by either encrypting a victim's files or locking a victim's computer until the victim pays a ransom. However, it is still challenging to detect such malware timely with existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Hyoungshick Kim , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Ransomware attacks are among the most severe cyber threats. They have made headlines in recent years by threatening the operation of governments, critical infrastructure, and corporations. Collecting and analyzing ransomware data is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Kris Oosthoek , Jack Cable , Georgios Smaragdakis

Cybercriminals often leverage Bitcoin for their illicit activities. In this work, we propose back-and-forth exploration, a novel automated Bitcoin transaction tracing technique to identify cybercrime financial relationships. Given seed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Gibran Gomez , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Juan Caballero

Ransomware is currently the key threat for individual as well as corporate Internet users. Especially dangerous is crypto ransomware that encrypts important user data and it is only possible to recover it once a ransom has been paid.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Krzysztof Cabaj , Marcin Gregorczyk , Wojciech Mazurczyk

The increasing sophistication of encryption-based ransomware has demanded innovative approaches to detection and mitigation, prompting the development of a hierarchical framework grounded in probabilistic cryptographic analysis. By focusing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kevin Pekepok , Persephone Kirkwood , Esme Christopolous , Florence Braithwaite , Oliver Nightingale

Ransomware is a type of malware which encrypts user data and extorts payments in return for the decryption keys. This cyberthreat is one of the most serious challenges facing organizations today and has already caused immense financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Aldin Vehabovic , Hadi Zanddizari , Nasir Ghani , G. Javidi , S. Uluagac , M. Rahouti , E. Bou-Harb , M. Safaei Pour

Ransomware poses a serious and fast-acting threat to critical systems, often encrypting files within seconds of execution. Research indicates that ransomware is the most reported cybercrime in terms of financial damage, highlighting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Busra Caliskan , Ibrahim Gulatas , H. Hakan Kilinc , A. Halim Zaim

Crypto-ransomware has caused an unprecedented scope of impact in recent years with an evolving level of sophistication. An extensive range of studies have been on defending against ransomware and reviewing the efficacy of various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Wenjia Song , Sanjula Karanam , Ya Xiao , Jingyuan Qi , Nathan Dautenhahn , Na Meng , Elena Ferrari , Danfeng , Yao

With the recent growth in the number of malicious activities on the internet, cybersecurity research has seen a boost in the past few years. However, as certain variants of malware can provide highly lucrative opportunities for bad actors,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Amir Atapour-Abarghouei , Stephen Bonner , Andrew Stephen McGough

Ransomware impact hinges on how easily an intruder can move laterally and spread to the maximum number of assets. We present a graph-theoretic formulation that casts lateral movement as a path-closure problem over a probability semiring to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Satyam Tyagi , Ganesh Murugesan

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that features a distributed, decentralized and trustworthy mechanism, which has made Bitcoin a popular global transaction platform. The transaction efficiency among nations and the privacy benefiting from address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Yu-Jing Lin , Po-Wei Wu , Cheng-Han Hsu , I-Ping Tu , Shih-wei Liao

Over the past three years, especially following WannaCry malware, ransomware has become one of the biggest concerns for private businesses, state, and local government agencies. According to Homeland Security statistics, 1.5 million…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Murat Ozer , Said Varlioglu , Bilal Gonen , Mehmet F. Bastug

Ransomware, a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and only releases the cryptographic key once a ransom is paid, has emerged as a potentially devastating class of cybercrimes in the past few years. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Florian Quinkert , Thorsten Holz , KSM Tozammel Hossain , Emilio Ferrara , Kristina Lerman

Ransomware attacks have increased significantly in recent years, causing great destruction and damage to critical systems and business operations. Attackers are unfailingly finding innovative ways to bypass detection mechanisms,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Avinash Singh , Richard Adeyemi Ikuesan , Hein Venter

We present an approach to identifying which ransomware adversaries are most likely to target specific entities, thereby assisting these entities in formulating better protection strategies. Ransomware poses a formidable cybersecurity threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Spencer Massengale , Philip Huff

Ransomware has appeared as one of the major global threats in recent days. The alarming increasing rate of ransomware attacks and new ransomware variants intrigue the researchers to constantly examine the distinguishing traits of ransomware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Rawshan Ara Mowri , Madhuri Siddula , Kaushik Roy

We present a novel approach to identify ransomware campaigns derived from attack timelines representations within victim networks. Malicious activity profiles developed from multiple alert sources support the construction of alert graphs.…