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Dark matter is believed to constitute approximately 85 percent of the universes matter, yet its fundamental nature remains elusive. Direct detection experiments, though globally deployed, generate data that is often locked within custom…

Dark matter is one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in cosmology at the present time. About 80% of the universe's gravitating matter is non-luminous, and its nature and distribution are for the most part unknown. In this paper, we will…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-02-01 Katherine Garrett , Gintaras Duda

Rotation curve measurements provided the first strong indication that a significant fraction of matter in the Universe is non-baryonic. Since then, a tremendous amount of progress has been made on both the theoretical and experimental…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-21 Mariangela Lisanti

Dark matter is a fundamental constituent of the universe, which is needed to explain a wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological observations. Although the existence of dark matter was first postulated nearly a century ago and its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Csaba Balazs , Torsten Bringmann , Felix Kahlhoefer , Martin White

Astronomical and cosmological observations of the past 80 years build solid evidence that atomic matter makes up only a small fraction of the matter in the universe. The dominant fraction does not interact with electromagnetic radiation,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Wolfgang Rau

One of the great mysteries of contemporary science is dark matter, an exotic substance of unknown nature that, in theory, makes up about 27\% of the total mass-energy density of the universe, and which does not appear to emit, absorb, or…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-06-25 Jorge Pinochet

The nature of dark matter, which constitutes 27% of the Universe's matter-energy content, remains one of the most challenging open questions in physics. Over the past two decades, the DAMA/LIBRA experiment has reported an annual modulation…

There is compelling cosmological and astrophysical evidence of dark matter comprising 27% of the energy budget of the Universe. However, dark matter has never been observed in direct detection experiments. The long-time favorite model of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-03-02 Bjoern Lehnert

From astronomical observations, we know that dark matter exists, makes up 23% of the mass budget of the Universe, clusters strongly to form the load-bearing frame of structure for galaxy formation, and hardly interacts with ordinary matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-20 Annika H. G. Peter

Astronomical observations from small galaxies to the largest scales in the universe can be consistently explained by the simple idea of dark matter. The nature of dark matter is however still unknown. Empirically it cannot be any of the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-11-26 Paolo Gondolo

This short review was prepared as an introduction to the Royal Society's 'Dark Matter' conference. It addresses the embarrassing fact that 95% of the universe is unaccounted for. Favoured dark matter candidates are axions or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-09 Martin J. Rees

One of the great scientific enigmas still unsolved, the existence of dark matter, is reviewed. Simple gravitational arguments imply that most of the mass in the Universe, at least 90%, is some (unknown) non-luminous matter. Some particle…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Shaaban Khalil , Carlos Munoz

MadDM is an automated numerical tool for the computation of dark-matter observables for generic new physics models. We announce version 3.1 and summarize its features. Notably, the code goes beyond the mere cross-section computation for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-17 Chiara Arina , Jan Heisig , Fabio Maltoni , Luca Mantani , Daniele Massaro , Olivier Mattelaer , Gopolang Mohlabeng

Dark Matter is one of the most intriguing riddles of modern astrophysics. The Standard Cosmological Model implies that only 4.5% of the mass-energy of the Universe is baryonic matter and the remaining 95% is unknown. Of this remainder, 22%…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-19 Andrzej M. Szelc

These lectures, presented at TASI 2016: Anticipating the Next Discoveries in Particle Physics, provide an introduction to some key methods and tools of indirect dark matter searches. Topics covered include estimation of dark matter signals,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-10-17 Tracy R. Slatyer

The details of what constitutes the majority of the mass that makes up dark matter in the Universe remains one of the prime puzzles of cosmology and particle physics today - eighty years after the first observational indications. Today, it…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-16 Stefan Funk

The nature of dark matter is one of the most fundamental questions in cosmology. Using the cosmic microwave background (CMB), type Ia supernova (SN) and DESI's new measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), we find the robust…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-13 Deng Wang

Over the past few decades, a consensus picture has emerged in which roughly a quarter of the universe consists of dark matter. I begin with a review of the observational evidence for the existence of dark matter: rotation curves of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-31 Katherine Freese

The nature of dark matter is one of the major puzzles of fundamental physics, integral to the understanding of our universe across almost every epoch. The search for dark matter takes place at different energy scales, and use data ranging…

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