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The quantification of uncertainty is important for the adoption of machine learning, especially to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) data back to human experts for review. Yet progress has been slow, as a balance must be struck between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Derek Everett , Andre T. Nguyen , Luke E. Richards , Edward Raff

In many risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning settings, the utility of the user is derived from the single execution of a policy. In these settings, making decisions based on the average future returns is not suitable. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Conor F. Hayes , Mathieu Reymond , Diederik M. Roijers , Enda Howley , Patrick Mannion

This paper investigates methods for estimating the optimal stochastic control policy for a Markov Decision Process with unknown transition dynamics and an unknown reward function. This form of model-free reinforcement learning comprises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Brandon Trabucco , Albert Qu , Simon Li , Ganeshkumar Ashokavardhanan

Diffusion language models (DLMs) enable parallel, order-agnostic generation with iterative refinement, offering a flexible alternative to autoregressive large language models (LLMs). However, adapting reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Kevin Rojas , Jiahe Lin , Kashif Rasul , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Molei Tao , Wei Deng

We study off-dynamics offline reinforcement learning, where the goal is to learn a policy from offline source and limited target datasets with mismatched dynamics. Existing methods either penalize the reward or discard source transitions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yihong Guo , Yu Yang , Pan Xu , Anqi Liu

We consider decision-making problems under decision-dependent uncertainty (DDU), where the distribution of uncertain parameters depends on the decision variables and is only observable through a finite offline dataset. To address this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Chengrui Qu , Huiwen Jia , Pengcheng You

Leveraging planning during learning and decision-making is central to the long-term development of intelligent agents. Recent works have successfully combined tree-based search methods and self-play learning mechanisms to this end. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Matthew V Macfarlane , Edan Toledo , Donal Byrne , Paul Duckworth , Alexandre Laterre

In order for reinforcement learning techniques to be useful in real-world decision making processes, they must be able to produce robust performance from limited data. Deep policy optimization methods have achieved impressive results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 James Queeney , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Christos G. Cassandras

Offline reinforcement learning agents face significant deployment challenges due to the synthetic-to-real distribution mismatch. While most prior research has focused on improving the fidelity of synthetic sampling and incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chi Zhou , Wang Luo , Haoran Li , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Zicheng Zhang

The class of deep deterministic off-policy algorithms is effectively applied to solve challenging continuous control problems. Current approaches commonly utilize random noise as an exploration method, which has several drawbacks, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Igor Kuznetsov

Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) assumes the agents make decisions based on Markov decision processes (MDPs) with one-step transition models. In many real-world applications, such as energy management and stock investment, agents can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Chenbei Lu , Zaiwei Chen , Tongxin Li , Chenye Wu , Adam Wierman

Importance sampling is a Monte Carlo method which designs estimators of expectations under a target distribution using weighted samples from a proposal distribution. When the target distribution is complex, such as multimodal distributions…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Anas Cherradi , Yazid Janati , Alain Durmus , Sylvain Le Corff , Yohan Petetin , Julien Stoehr

Offline reinforcement learning aims to learn an agent from pre-collected datasets, avoiding unsafe and inefficient real-time interaction. However, inevitable access to out-ofdistribution actions during the learning process introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Fan Zhang , Baoru Huang , Xin Zhang

Local decision rules are commonly understood to be more explainable, due to the local nature of the patterns involved. With numerical optimization methods such as gradient boosting, ensembles of local decision rules can gain good predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Xin Du , Subramanian Ramamoorthy , Wouter Duivesteijn , Jin Tian , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Diffusion policies have achieved superior performance in imitation learning and offline reinforcement learning (RL) due to their rich expressiveness. However, the conventional diffusion training procedure requires samples from target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haitong Ma , Tianyi Chen , Kai Wang , Na Li , Bo Dai

Reinforcement learning (RL) policies often fail under dynamics that differ from training, a gap not fully addressed by domain randomization or existing adversarial RL methods. Distributionally robust RL provides a formal remedy but still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Mintae Kim , Koushil Sreenath

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to enhance offline RL with a dynamics model that facilitates policy exploration. However, \textit{model exploitation} could occur due to inevitable model errors, degrading algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhongjian Qiao , Jiafei Lyu , Boxiang Lyu , Yao Shu , Siyang Gao , Shuang Qiu

A novel distributed algorithm is proposed for finite-time converging to a feasible consensus solution satisfying global optimality to a certain accuracy of the distributed robust convex optimization problem (DRCO) subject to bounded…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Xunhao Wu , Jun Fu

To train machine learning models that are robust to distribution shifts in the data, distributionally robust optimization (DRO) has been proven very effective. However, the existing approaches to learning a distributionally robust model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Farzin Haddadpour , Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Mehrdad Mahdavi , Amin Karbasi

Probabilistic prediction of sequences from images and other high-dimensional data is a key challenge, particularly in risk-sensitive applications. In these settings, it is often desirable to quantify the uncertainty associated with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Qidong Yang , Weicheng Zhu , Joseph Keslin , Laure Zanna , Tim G. J. Rudner , Carlos Fernandez-Granda