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The Gene or DNA sequence in every cell does not control genetic properties on its own; Rather, this is done through translation of DNA into protein and subsequent formation of a certain 3D structure. The biological function of a protein is…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Leila Khalatbari , Mohammad Reza Kangavari , Saeid Hosseini , Hongzhi Yin , Ngai-Man Cheung

AlphaFold has transformed protein structure prediction, but emerging applications such as virtual ligand screening, proteome-wide folding, and de novo binder design demand predictions at a massive scale, where runtime and memory costs…

Proteins are the basic building blocks of life. They usually perform functions by folding to a particular structure. Understanding the folding process could help the researchers to understand the functions of proteins and could also help to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Jianzhu Ma

AlphaFold2 (AF2) has transformed protein structure prediction by harnessing co-evolutionary constraints embedded in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). MSAs not only encode static structural information, but also hold critical details…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-04 Enming Xing , Junjie Zhang , Shen Wang , Xiaolin Cheng

Pre-trained models have been successful in many protein engineering tasks. Most notably, sequence-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on protein fitness prediction while structure-based models have been used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Antonia Boca , Simon Mathis

The seminal breakthrough of AlphaFold in protein structure prediction relied on a learned potential energy function parameterized by deep models, in contrast to its successors AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold3, which lack an explicit probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Thomas Hamelryck , Kanti V. Mardia

Accurately determining a change in protein binding affinity upon mutations is important for the discovery and design of novel therapeutics and to assist mutagenesis studies. Determination of change in binding affinity upon mutations…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-01 Wajid Arshad Abbasi , Syed Ali Abbas , Saiqa Andleeb

Accurate prediction of protein-protein binding affinity is vital for understanding molecular interactions and designing therapeutics. We adapt Boltz-2, a state-of-the-art structure-based protein-ligand affinity predictor, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 James King , Lewis Cornwall , Andrei Cristian Nica , James Day , Aaron Sim , Neil Dalchau , Lilly Wollman , Joshua Meyers

While DeepMind has tentatively solved protein folding, its inverse problem -- protein design which predicts protein sequences from their 3D structures -- still faces significant challenges. Particularly, the lack of large-scale standardized…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-15 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

Deep learning has contributed to major advances in the prediction of protein structure from sequence, a fundamental problem in structural bioinformatics. With predictions now approaching the accuracy of crystallographic resolution in some…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-26 Mu Gao , Mark Coletti , Russell B. Davidson , Ryan Prout , Subil Abraham , Benjamin Hernandez , Ada Sedova

Protein structure-based property prediction has emerged as a promising approach for various biological tasks, such as protein function prediction and sub-cellular location estimation. The existing methods highly rely on experimental protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yufei Huang , Siyuan Li , Jin Su , Lirong Wu , Odin Zhang , Haitao Lin , Jingqi Qi , Zihan Liu , Zhangyang Gao , Yuyang Liu , Jiangbin Zheng , Stan. ZQ. Li

Predicting accurate protein-ligand binding affinity is important in drug discovery but remains a challenge even with computationally expensive biophysics-based energy scoring methods and state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. Despite…

Structure-informed protein representation learning is essential for effective protein function annotation and \textit{de novo} design. However, the presence of inherent noise in both crystal and AlphaFold-predicted structures poses…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-25 Zhongyue Zhang , Runze Ma , Yanjie Huang , Shuangjia Zheng

Protein-RNA interactions are of vital importance to a variety of cellular activities. Both experimental and computational techniques have been developed to study the interactions. Due to the limitation of the previous database, especially…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-24 Junkang Wei , Siyuan Chen , Licheng Zong , Xin Gao , Yu Li

Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) of proteins encode rich biological information and have been workhorses in bioinformatic methods for tasks like protein design and protein structure prediction for decades. Recent breakthroughs like…

In the field of antibody engineering, an essential task is to design a novel antibody whose paratopes bind to a specific antigen with correct epitopes. Understanding antibody structure and its paratope can facilitate a mechanistic…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-08 Yining Wang , Xumeng Gong , Shaochuan Li , Bing Yang , YiWu Sun , Chuan Shi , Yangang Wang , Cheng Yang , Hui Li , Le Song

The binding complexes formed by proteins and small molecule ligands are ubiquitous and critical to life. Despite recent advancements in protein structure prediction, existing algorithms are so far unable to systematically predict the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-21 Zhuoran Qiao , Weili Nie , Arash Vahdat , Thomas F. Miller , Anima Anandkumar

Predicting the binding affinity of protein protein complexes directly from sequence remains a challenging problem, particularly in the absence of reliable structural information. Here I present ProtT Affinity, a sequence only model that…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Hongfu Lou

Despite the importance of a thermodynamically stable structure with a conserved fold for protein function, almost all evolutionary models neglect site-site correlations that arise from physical interactions between neighboring amino acid…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-12-04 Andrew J. Bordner , Hans D. Mittelmann

Designing novel functional proteins crucially depends on accurately modeling their fitness landscape. Given the limited availability of functional annotations from wet-lab experiments, previous methods have primarily relied on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zuobai Zhang , Pascal Notin , Yining Huang , Aurélie Lozano , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Debora Marks , Payel Das , Jian Tang