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The evolution of cooperation is a central enigma in evolutionary game theory. Traditionally, the combination of pairwise networks and repeated Public Goods Games with a single state fails to adequately describe realistic group interaction…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-25 Nankun Wei , Xiaojin Xiong , Qin Li , Minyu Feng , Attila Szolnoki

Rewards and penalties are common practical tools that can be used to promote cooperation in social institutions. The evolution of cooperation under reward and punishment incentives in joint enterprises has been formalized and investigated,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-20 Tatsuya Sasaki

In dyadic models of indirect reciprocity, the receivers' history of giving has a significant impact on the donor's decision. When the interaction involves more than two agents things become more complicated, and in large groups cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-21 Daniele Vilone , Francesca Giardini , Mario Paolucci

Trust and reciprocation of it form the foundation of economic, social and other interactions. While the Trust Game is widely used to study these concepts for interactions between two players, often alternating different roles (i.e.,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-21 Ik Soo Lim , Naoki Masuda

Gallice and Monz\'on (2019) present a natural environment that sustains full co-operation in one-shot social dilemmas among a finite number of self-interested agents. They demonstrate that in a sequential public goods game, where agents…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-13 Chowdhury Mohammad Sakib Anwar , Konstantinos Georgalos

Cooperation or defection and participation or withdrawal are well-known options of behavior in game-like activities in free societies, yet the co-evolutionary dynamics of these behavioral traits in the individual level are not well…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-02-13 Tatsuya Sasaki , Åke Brännström , Isamu Okada , Tatsuo Unemi

According to evolutionary game theory, cooperation in public goods games is eliminated by free-riders, yet in nature, cooperation is ubiquitous. Artificial models resolve this contradiction via the mechanism of network reciprocity. However,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Steve Miller , Joshua Knowles

Despite strong evidence for peer effects, little is known about how individuals balance intrinsic preferences and social learning in different choice environments. Using a combination of experiments and discrete choice modeling, we show…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-29 Fabian Dvorak , Urs Fischbacher

Human prosocial cooperation is essential for our collective health, education, and welfare. However, designing social systems to maintain or incentivize prosocial behavior is challenging because people can act selfishly to maximize personal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Karthik Sreedhar , Alice Cai , Jenny Ma , Jeffrey V. Nickerson , Lydia B. Chilton

Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations, in which an individual is motivated to help another to acquire a good reputation and receive help from others afterwards. Ingroup favoritism is another aspect…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-11-20 Mitsuhiro Nakamura , Naoki Masuda

Cooperators that refuse to participate in sanctioning defectors create the second-order free-rider problem. Such cooperators will not be punished because they contribute to the public good, but they also eschew the costs associated with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-08-11 Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

The evolution and maintenance of cooperation fascinated researchers for several decades. Recently, theoretical models and experimental evidence show that costly punishment may facilitate cooperation in human societies, but may not be used…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-11-16 Xinsheng Liu , Wanlin Guo

Human behavioural patterns exhibit selfish or competitive, as well as selfless or altruistic tendencies, both of which have demonstrable effects on human social and economic activity. In behavioural economics, such effects have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Jan E. Snellman , Gerardo Iñiguez , János Kertész , R. A. Barrio , Kimmo K. Kaski

As AI agents become increasingly capable of tool use and long-horizon tasks, they have begun to be deployed in settings where multiple agents can interact. However, whereas prior work has mostly focused on human-AI interactions, there is an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Olivia Long , Carter Teplica

Partner selection is crucial for cooperation and hinges on communication. As artificial agents, especially those powered by large language models (LLMs), become more autonomous, intelligent, and persuasive, they compete with humans for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yaomin Jiang , Levin Brinkmann , Anne-Marie Nussberger , Ivan Soraperra , Jean-François Bonnefon , Iyad Rahwan

Decades of scientific inquiry have sought to understand how evolution fosters cooperation, a concept seemingly at odds with the belief that evolution should produce rational, self-interested individuals. Most previous work has focused on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Mohammad Salahshour , Iain D. Couzin

Understanding the emergence of cooperation in social networks has advanced through pairwise interactions, but the corresponding theory for group-based public goods games (PGGs) remains less explored. Here, we provide theoretical conditions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Chaoqian Wang , Qi Su

Evolutionary game theory predicts that cooperation in social dilemma games is promoted when agents are connected as a network. However, when networks are fixed over time, humans do not necessarily show enhanced mutual cooperation. Here we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-07 Takahiro Ezaki , Naoki Masuda

The positive impact of cooperative bots on cooperation within evolutionary game theory is well documented; however, existing studies have predominantly used discrete strategic frameworks, focusing on deterministic actions with a fixed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-24 Zehua Si , Zhixue He , Chen Shen , Jun Tanimoto

Properly coordinating cooperation is relevant for resolving public good problems such as clean energy and environmental protection. However, little is known about how individuals can coordinate themselves for a certain level of cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-26 Tatsuya Sasaki , Satoshi Uchida