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Determining semantic textual similarity is a core research subject in natural language processing. Since vector-based models for sentence representation often use shallow information, capturing accurate semantics is difficult. By contrast,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Hitomi Yanaka , Koji Mineshima , Pascual Martinez-Gomez , Daisuke Bekki

Latent semantic similarity (LSS) is a measure of the similarity of information exchanges in a conversation. Challenging the assumption that higher LSS bears more positive psychological meaning, we propose that this association might depend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chen-Wei Yu , Yun-Shiuan Chuang , Alexandros N. Lotsos , Tabea Meier , Claudia M. Haase

Contrastive learning has been widely studied in sentence representation learning. However, earlier works mainly focus on the construction of positive examples, while in-batch samples are often simply treated as negative examples. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Jinghao Deng , Fanqi Wan , Tao Yang , Xiaojun Quan , Rui Wang

Suggesting similar questions for a user query has many applications ranging from reducing search time of users on e-commerce websites, training of employees in companies to holistic learning for students. The use of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Shriniwas Nayak , Anuj Kanetkar , Hrushabh Hirudkar , Archana Ghotkar , Sheetal Sonawane , Onkar Litake

Keeping in mind the necessity of intelligent system in educational sector, this paper proposes a text analysis based automated approach for automatic evaluation of the descriptive answers in an examination. In particular, the research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Vedant Bahel , Achamma Thomas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks. However, the truthfulness of their outputs is not guaranteed, and their tendency toward overconfidence further limits reliability. Uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qi Cao , Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Extending semantic parsers to code-switched input has been a challenging problem, primarily due to a lack of supervised training data. In this work, we introduce CST5, a new data augmentation technique that finetunes a T5 model using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Anmol Agarwal , Jigar Gupta , Rahul Goel , Shyam Upadhyay , Pankaj Joshi , Rengarajan Aravamudhan

Artificial Intelligence federates numerous scientific fields in the aim of developing machines able to assist human operators performing complex treatments -- most of which demand high cognitive skills (e.g. learning or decision processes).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Sébastien Harispe , Sylvie Ranwez , Stefan Janaqi , Jacky Montmain

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for structured data generation, yet output consistency remains critical for production applications. We introduce a comprehensive framework for evaluating and improving consistency in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Guanghui Wang , Jinze Yu , Xing Zhang , Dayuan Jiang , Yin Song , Tomal Deb , Xuefeng Liu , Peiyang He

Semantic parsing aims to map natural language utterances onto machine interpretable meaning representations, aka programs whose execution against a real-world environment produces a denotation. Weakly-supervised semantic parsers are trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Bailin Wang , Ivan Titov , Mirella Lapata

Despite significant strides in statement autoformalization, a critical gap remains in the development of automated evaluation metrics capable of assessing formal translation quality. Existing metrics often fail to balance semantic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyang Liu , Tao Zhu , Zineng Dong , Yuntian Liu , Qingfeng Guo , Zhaoxuan Liu , Yu Chen , Tao Luo

Natural Language Inference (NLI) or Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) aims at predicting the relation between a pair of sentences (premise and hypothesis) as entailment, contradiction or semantic independence. Although deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Mobashir Sadat , Cornelia Caragea

In this paper, we study the problem of image-text matching. Inferring the latent semantic alignment between objects or other salient stuff (e.g. snow, sky, lawn) and the corresponding words in sentences allows to capture fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Kuang-Huei Lee , Xi Chen , Gang Hua , Houdong Hu , Xiaodong He

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (CS-ASR) presents unique challenges due to language confusion introduced by spontaneous intra-sentence switching and accent bias that blurs the phonetic boundaries. Although the constituent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Hexin Liu , Haoyang Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Dongyuan Shi , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

Usage similarity estimation addresses the semantic proximity of word instances in different contexts. We apply contextualized (ELMo and BERT) word and sentence embeddings to this task, and propose supervised models that leverage these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Aina Garí Soler , Marianna Apidianaki , Alexandre Allauzen

Systematically discovering semantic relationships in text is an important and extensively studied area in Natural Language Processing, with various tasks such as entailment, semantic similarity, etc. Decomposability of sentence-level scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Subhadeep Maji , Rohan Kumar , Manish Bansal , Kalyani Roy , Pawan Goyal

Existing sentence textual similarity benchmark datasets only use a single number to summarize how similar the sentence encoder's decision is to humans'. However, it is unclear what kind of sentence pairs a sentence encoder (SE) would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Cheng-Han Chiang , Yung-Sung Chuang , James Glass , Hung-yi Lee

Recently, discrete latent variable models have received a surge of interest in both Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV), attributed to their comparable performance to the continuous counterparts in representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Erxin Yu , Lan Du , Yuan Jin , Zhepei Wei , Yi Chang

We propose a scalable, multifactorial experimental framework that systematically probes LLM sensitivity to subtle semantic changes in pairwise document comparison. We analogize this as a needle-in-a-haystack problem: a single semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Sinan G. Aksoy , Alexandra A. Sabrio , Erik VonKaenel , Lee Burke

Coherence is an essential property of well-written texts, that refers to the way textual units relate to one another. In the era of generative AI, coherence assessment is essential for many NLP tasks; summarization, generation, long-form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Aviya Maimon , Reut Tsarfaty