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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the Universe and are powered by ultra-relativistic jets. Their prompt $\gamma$-ray emission briefly outshines the rest of the $\gamma$-ray sky making them detectable from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-07 Ramandeep Gill , Jonathan Granot

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely believed to be from massive collapsars and/or compact binary mergers, which accordingly, would generate long and short GRBs, respectively. The details on this classification scheme have been in constant…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-02 Shuai Zhang , Lang Shao , Bin-Bin Zhang , Jin-Hang Zou , Hai-Yuan Sun , Yu-Jie Yao , Lin-Lin Li

Prompt {\gamma}-ray emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit a vast range of extremely complex temporal structures with a typical variability time-scale significantly short - as fast as milliseconds. This work aims to investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-09-28 G. Greco , R. Rosa , G. Beskin , S. Karpov , L. Romano , A. Guarnieri , C. Bartolini , R. Bedogni

The origin of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission, bursts of gamma-rays lasting from shorter than one second to thousands of seconds, remains not fully understood after more than 40 years of observations. The uncertainties lie in several…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-03-03 Bing Zhang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are sources of energetic, highly variable fluxes of gamma rays, which demonstrates that they are powerful particle accelerators. Besides relativistic electrons, GRBs should also accelerate high-energy hadrons, some…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Charles D. Dermer , Armen Atoyan

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful transients in the Universe, over-shining for a few seconds all other $\gamma$-ray sky sources. Their emission is produced within narrowly collimated relativistic jets launched after the…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) sign energetic explosions in the Universe, occurring at cosmological distances. Multi-wavelength observations of GRB allow to study their properties and to use them as cosmological tools. In 2012 the space borne…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-11-26 S. Schanne , B. Cordier , D. Gotz , A. Gros , P. Kestener , H. Le Provost , B. L'Huillier , M. Mur

The two brightest and so far the best studied gamma ray bursts (GRBs), 990123 and 080319B, were ordinary, highly collimated GRBs produced in a core collapse supernova explosion within a high-density wind environment and observed from a very…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-22 Shlomo Dado , Arnon Dar

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are valuable probes of cosmic star formation reaching back into the epoch of reionization, and a large dataset with known redshifts ($z$) is an important ingredient for these studies. Usually, $z$ is measured using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Dhruv S. Bal , Aditya Narendra , Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Nikita S. Khatiya , Aleksander L. Lenart , Dieter H. Hartmann

Observations and models of GRBs are reviewed with an emphasis on the early phase of the burst. Recent revision of the early afterglow model is described.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei M. Beloborodov

Gamma-ray bursts are known to be sources of high-energy gamma rays, and are likely to be sources of high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Following a short review of observations of GRBs at multi-MeV energies and above, the physics of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles D. Dermer

gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are likely sources of ultra-high energy, >10^{19} eV, protons and high energy, >1 TeV, neutrinos. Large volume detectors of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and high energy neutrinos, which are already…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 E. Waxman

We discuss some open problems concerning the origin and the emission mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in light of recent developments. If GRBs originate at extragalactic distances, we are facing four crises: (1) an energy crisis, models…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marco Tavani

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful transient objects in the Universe, and they are a primary target for the MAGIC Collaboration. Recognizing the challenges of observing these elusive objects with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-24 S. Abe , J. Abhir , A. Abhishek , V. A. Acciari , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , T. Aniello , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , A. Arbet Engels , C. Arcaro , T. T. H. Arnesen , K. Asano , A. Babic , C. Bakshi , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , L. Barrios-Jimenez , I. Batkovic , J. Baxter , J. Becerra Gonzalez , W. Bednarek , E. Bernardini , J. Bernete , A. Berti , J. Besenrieder , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , Ž. Bošnjak , E. Bronzini , I. Burelli , A. Campoy-Ordaz , A. Carosi , R. Carosi , M. Carretero-Castrillo , A. J. Castro-Tirado , D. Cerasole , G. Ceribella , Y. Chai , A. Cifuentes , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , G. D'Amico , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , B. De Lotto , R. de Menezes , M. Delfino , J. Delgado , C. Delgado Mendez , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , A. Dinesh , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , L. Eisenberger , D. Elsaesser , J. Escudero , L. Fariña , A. Fattorini , L. Foffano , L. Font , S. Fröse , S. Fukami , Y. Fukazawa , R. J. García López , S. García Soto , M. Garczarczyk , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , P. Gliwny , N. Godinovic , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , D. Green , J. G. Green , P. Günther , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , T. Hassan , L. Heckmann , J. Herrera Llorente , D. Hrupec , R. Imazawa , S. Inoue , D. Israyelyan , J. Jahanvi , I. Jiménez Martínez , J. Jiménez Quiles , J. Jormanainen , S. Kankkunen , T. Kayanoki , J. Konrad , P. M. Kouch , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , M. Láinez , A. Lamastra , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , L. Lulic , E. Lyard , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , S. Mangano , K. Mannheim , S. Marchesi , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , P. Maruševec , A. Mas-Aguilar , D. Mazin , S. Menchiari , J. Méndez Gallego , S. Menon , D. Miceli , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , M. Molero González , E. Molina , H. A. Mondal , A. Moralejo , E. Moretti , T. Nakamori , C. Nanci , L. Nava , V. Neustroev , L. Nickel , M. Nievas Rosillo , C. Nigro , L. Nikolic , K. Nilsson , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , S. Nozaki , A. Okumura , J. Otero-Santos , S. Paiano , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Peresano , M. Persic , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , F. Podobnik , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , M. Ribó , J. Rico , C. Righi , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , F. G. Saturni , K. Schmitz , F. Schmuckermaier , A. Sciaccaluga , G. Silvestri , A. Simongini , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , D. Sobczynska , A. Stamerra , J. Striškovic , D. Strom , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , R. Takeishi , P. Temnikov , K. Terauchi , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , A. Tutone , S. Ubach , J. van Scherpenberg , M. Vazquez Acosta , S. Ventura , G. Verna , I. Viale , A. Vigliano , C. F. Vigorito , E. Visentin , V. Vitale , I. Vovk , R. Walter , F. Wersig , M. Will , T. Yamamoto , P. K. H. Yeung

Studies of the cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their host galaxies are starting to provide interesting or even unique new insights in observational cosmology. GRBs represent a new way of identifying a population of star-forming galaxies…

In order to obtain an overview of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we need a full sample. In this paper, we collected 6289 GRBs (from GRB 910421 to GRB 160509A) from the literature, including prompt emission, afterglow and host galaxy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-13 Feifei Wang , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Fuxiang Liu , Bin Liao , Yu Liu , Yating Chai , Lei Xia

We predict the rate at which Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) afterglows should be detected in supernova searches as a function of limiting flux. Although GRB afterglows are rarer than supernovae, they are detectable at greater distances because of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Eric Woods , Abraham Loeb

Using an established classification technique, we leverage standard observations and analyses to predict the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This technique, utilizing support vector machine (SVM) statistics, provides a more nuanced…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-15 P. Nuessle , J. L. Racusin , N. E. White

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic transient phenomena in the universe and serve as powerful probes for high-energy astrophysical processes. In particular, faint GRBs originating from a distant universe may provide unique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Shogo Sato , Kazuo Tanaka , Shojun Ogasawara , Kazuki Yamamoto , Kazuhiko Murasaki , Ryuichi Tanida , Jun Kataoka

In an effort to understand the puzzle of classifying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we perform a systematic study of {\it Swift} GRBs and investigate several short GRB issues. Though short GRBs have a short ($\lesssim2$ s) prompt duration as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-08-24 Lang Shao , Zi-Gao Dai , Yi-Zhong Fan , Fu-Wen Zhang , Zhi-Ping Jin , Da-Ming Wei