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Explainable AI is an evolving area that deals with understanding the decision making of machine learning models so that these models are more transparent, accountable, and understandable for humans. In particular, post-hoc model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Praharsh Nanavati , Ranjitha Prasad

Sentiment Analysis Systems (SASs) are data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that, given a piece of text, assign one or more numbers conveying the polarity and emotional intensity expressed in the input. Like other automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Kausik Lakkaraju , Biplav Srivastava , Marco Valtorta

A recent trend in machine learning has been to enrich learned models with the ability to explain their own predictions. The emerging field of Explainable AI (XAI) has so far mainly focused on supervised learning, in particular, deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Jacob Kauffmann , Malte Esders , Lukas Ruff , Grégoire Montavon , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has helped elucidate the internal mechanisms of machine learning algorithms, bolstering their reliability by demonstrating the basis of their predictions. Several XAI models consider causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daisuke Takahashi , Shohei Shimizu , Takuma Tanaka

Interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are becoming increasingly prevalent in society. However, application of such systems without understanding them can be problematic. Black-box AI systems can lead to liability and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used to address interpretability, recourse, and bias in AI decisions. However, we do not know how well counterfactual explanations help users to understand a systems decisions, since no large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Greta Warren , Mark T Keane , Ruth M J Byrne

The most widely studied explainable AI (XAI) approaches are unsound. This is the case with well-known model-agnostic explanation approaches, and it is also the case with approaches based on saliency maps. One solution is to consider…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yacine Izza , Xuanxiang Huang , Alexey Ignatiev , Nina Narodytska , Martin C. Cooper , Joao Marques-Silva

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to help uncover flaws in an AI model's internal representations. But do people draw the right conclusions from its explanations? Specifically, do they recognize an AI's inability to distinguish…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Romy Müller , Wiebke Klausing

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are necessary to help clinicians make sense of AI predictions and integrate predictions into their decision-making workflow. In this work, we conduct a survey study to understand clinician preference among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jun Hou , Lucy Lu Wang

Black-box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models do not allow users to comprehend and sometimes trust the output created by such model. In AI applications, where not only the results but also the decision paths to the results are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ibrahim Kok , Feyza Yildirim Okay , Ozgecan Muyanli , Suat Ozdemir

As machine learning and algorithmic decision making systems are increasingly being leveraged in high-stakes human-in-the-loop settings, there is a pressing need to understand the rationale of their predictions. Researchers have responded to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jonathan Dinu , Jeffrey Bigham , J. Zico Kolter

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

In computer vision, explainable AI (xAI) methods seek to mitigate the 'black-box' problem by making the decision-making process of deep learning models more interpretable and transparent. Traditional xAI methods concentrate on visualizing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Hyeonggeun Yun

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

The shift from symbolic AI systems to black-box, sub-symbolic, and statistical ones has motivated a rapid increase in the interest toward explainable AI (XAI), i.e. approaches to make black-box AI systems explainable to human decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Federico Cabitza , Matteo Cameli , Andrea Campagner , Chiara Natali , Luca Ronzio

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is a set of tools and algorithms that applied or embedded to machine learning models to understand and interpret the models. They are recommended especially for complex or advanced models including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ahmed M Salih , Yuhe Wang

Explainable AI has attracted much research attention in recent years with feature attribution algorithms, which compute "feature importance" in predictions, becoming increasingly popular. However, there is little analysis of the validity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Orcun Yalcin , Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has re-emerged in response to the development of modern AI and ML systems. These systems are complex and sometimes biased, but they nevertheless make decisions that impact our lives. XAI systems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Shane T. Mueller , Elizabeth S. Veinott , Robert R. Hoffman , Gary Klein , Lamia Alam , Tauseef Mamun , William J. Clancey

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to help users to grasp the reasoning behind the predictions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. Many XAI approaches have emerged in recent years. Consequently, a subfield related to the…