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The rapid evolution and widespread adoption of generative large language models (LLMs) have made them a pivotal workload in various applications. Today, LLM inference clusters receive a large number of queries with strict Service Level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jovan Stojkovic , Chaojie Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Josep Torrellas , Esha Choukse

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their increased integration into mobile devices for personalized assistance, which enables LLMs to call external API functions to enhance their performance. However,…

On-device Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming mobile AI, catalyzing applications like UI automation without privacy concerns. Nowadays the common practice is to deploy a single yet powerful LLM as a general task solver for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Wangsong Yin , Rongjie Yi , Daliang Xu , Gang Huang , Mengwei Xu , Xuanzhe Liu

Real-time LLM interactions demand streamed token generations, where text tokens are progressively generated and delivered to users while balancing two objectives: responsiveness (i.e., low time-to-first-token) and steady generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Junyi Chen , Chuheng Du , Renyuan Liu , Shuochao Yao , Dingtian Yan , Jiang Liao , Shengzhong Liu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

High throughput serving of large language models (LLMs) requires batching sufficiently many requests at a time. However, existing systems struggle because the key-value cache (KV cache) memory for each request is huge and grows and shrinks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Woosuk Kwon , Zhuohan Li , Siyuan Zhuang , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Cody Hao Yu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Hao Zhang , Ion Stoica

Large language models (LLMs) have facilitated a wide range of applications with distinct service-level objectives (SLOs), from latency-sensitive online tasks like interactive chatbots to throughput-oriented offline workloads like data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ting Sun , Penghan Wang , Fan Lai

In this paper, we propose LoopLynx, a scalable dataflow architecture for efficient LLM inference that optimizes FPGA usage through a hybrid spatial-temporal design. The design of LoopLynx incorporates a hybrid temporal-spatial architecture,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jianing Zheng , Gang Chen

Efficient scheduling is crucial for interactive Large Language Model (LLM) applications, where low request completion time directly impacts user engagement. Size-based scheduling algorithms like Shortest Remaining Process Time (SRPT) aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Rana Shahout , Eran Malach , Chunwei Liu , Weifan Jiang , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Large language model (LLM) serving is becoming an increasingly important workload for cloud providers. Based on performance SLO requirements, LLM inference requests can be divided into (a) interactive requests that have tight SLOs in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Archit Patke , Dhemath Reddy , Saurabh Jha , Chandra Narayanaswami , Zbigniew Kalbarczyk , Ravishankar Iyer

Emergency communication systems face disruptions due to packet loss, bandwidth constraints, poor signal quality, delays, and jitter in VoIP systems, leading to degraded real-time service quality. Victims in distress often struggle to convey…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Danush Venkateshperumal , Rahman Abdul Rafi , Shakil Ahmed , Ashfaq Khokhar

Large language models (LLMs) iteratively generate text token by token, with memory usage increasing with the length of generated token sequences. Since the request generation length is generally unpredictable, it is difficult to estimate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ke Cheng , Wen Hu , Zhi Wang , Hongen Peng , Jianguo Li , Sheng Zhang

Serving numerous users and requests concurrently requires good fairness in Large Language Models (LLMs) serving system. This ensures that, at the same cost, the system can meet the Service Level Objectives (SLOs) of more users , such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Ao Shen , Zhiyao Li , Mingyu Gao

Large Language Model (LLM) serving faces a fundamental tension between stringent latency Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and limited GPU memory capacity. When high request rates exhaust the KV cache budget, existing LLM inference systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jiahuan Yu , Mingtao Hu , Zichao Lin , Minjia Zhang

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Collaborative filtering (CF) is widely adopted in industrial recommender systems (RecSys) for modeling user-item interactions across numerous applications, but often struggles with cold-start and data-sparse scenarios. Recent advancements…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Weizhi Zhang , Liangwei Yang , Wooseong Yang , Henry Peng Zou , Yuqing Liu , Ke Xu , Sourav Medya , Philip S. Yu

This paper presents Block, a distributed scheduling framework designed to optimize load balancing and auto-provisioning across instances in large language model serving frameworks by leveraging contextual information from incoming requests.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wei Da , Evangelia Kalyvianaki

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful way to improve large language model (LLM) performance by generating multiple candidate responses and selecting among them. However, existing work on dynamic allocation for test-time compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jenny Y. Huang , Mehul Damani , Yousef El-Kurdi , Ramon Astudillo , Wei Sun

The increasing demand for large language model (LLM) serving has necessitated significant advancements in the optimization and profiling of LLM inference systems. As these models become integral to a wide range of applications, the need for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Feiyang Wu , Zhuohang Bian , Guoyang Duan , Tianle Xu , Junchi Wu , Teng Ma , Yongqiang Yao , Ruihao Gong , Youwei Zhuo
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