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Deepfake techniques generate highly realistic data, making it challenging for humans to discern between actual and artificially generated images. Recent advancements in deep learning-based deepfake detection methods, particularly with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Alvaro Lopez Pellcier , Yi Li , Plamen Angelov

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a critical safeguard for deploying machine learning models in the real world. However, most post-hoc detection methods operate on penultimate feature representations derived from global average…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Abid Hassan , Tuan Ngo , Saad Shafiq , Nenad Medvidovic

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify OOD data based on representations extracted from well-trained deep models. However, existing methods largely ignore the reprogramming property of deep models and thus may not fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Qizhou Wang , Feng Liu , Yonggang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Chen Gong , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Recent remarkable success in the deep-learning industries has unprecedentedly increased the need for reliable model deployment. For example, the model should alert the user if the produced model outputs might not be reliable. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dasol Choi , Dongbin Na

Unsupervised learning of feature representations is a challenging yet important problem for analyzing a large collection of multimedia data that do not have semantic labels. Recently proposed neural network-based unsupervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Takahiko Furuya , Ryutarou Ohbuchi

Ensuring reliability is paramount in deep learning, particularly within the domain of medical imaging, where diagnostic decisions often hinge on model outputs. The capacity to separate out-of-distribution (OOD) samples has proven to be a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Anju Chhetri , Jari Korhonen , Prashnna Gyawali , Binod Bhattarai

With the continuous development of deep learning-based speech conversion and speech synthesis technologies, the cybersecurity problem posed by fake audio has become increasingly serious. Previously proposed models for defending against fake…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chi Ding , Junxiao Xue , Cong Wang , Hao Zhou

In the digital age, the emergence of deepfakes and synthetic media presents a significant threat to societal and political integrity. Deepfakes based on multi-modal manipulation, such as audio-visual, are more realistic and pose a greater…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Vinaya Sree Katamneni , Ajita Rattani

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the application of deepfake technology in the audio field has gradually increased, resulting in a wide range of security risks. Especially in the financial and social…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yangguang Feng

The ability of a deep learning network to distinguish between in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for ensuring the reliability and trustworthiness of AI systems. Existing OOD detection methods often involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Gagandeep Singh , Ishan Mishra , Deepak Mishra

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

The ability to detect unfamiliar or unexpected images is essential for safe deployment of computer vision systems. In the context of classification, the task of detecting images outside of a model's training domain is known as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

As deepfake speech becomes common and hard to detect, it is vital to trace its source. Recent work on audio deepfake source tracing (ST) aims to find the origins of synthetic or manipulated speech. However, ST models must adapt to learn new…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Yang Xiao , Rohan Kumar Das

In this paper, we propose a novel self-distillation method for fake speech detection (FSD), which can significantly improve the performance of FSD without increasing the model complexity. For FSD, some fine-grained information is very…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Jun Xue , Cunhang Fan , Jiangyan Yi , Chenglong Wang , Zhengqi Wen , Dan Zhang , Zhao Lv

While pre-trained large-scale deep models have garnered attention as an important topic for many downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such models often make unreliable predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. As such,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Dhanasekar Sundararaman , Nikhil Mehta , Lawrence Carin

The surge in face forgeries has increasingly undermined confidence in the authenticity of online content. As generation algorithms rapidly evolve, new fake categories will constantly emerge, severely challenging existing face forgery…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhongyi Cai , Bryce Gernon , Wentao Bao , Yifan Li , Matthew Wright , Yu Kong

Detecting unknown deepfake manipulations remains one of the most challenging problems in face forgery detection. Current state-of-the-art approaches fail to generalize to unseen manipulations, as they primarily rely on supervised training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kaede Shiohara , Toshihiko Yamasaki , Vladislav Golyanik

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for reliable machine learning. Recent advances in representation learning give rise to distance-based OOD detection, where testing samples are detected as OOD if they are relatively far…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yifei Ming , Yiyou Sun , Ousmane Dia , Yixuan Li

When evaluating the performance of a pre-trained model transferred to a downstream task, it is imperative to assess not only the in-distribution (ID) accuracy of the downstream model but also its capacity to generalize and identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Andrew Geng , Pin-Yu Chen