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To address the urgent need in the NISQ era for high-performance, scalable quantum compilers and to advance the integration of classical and quantum computing, we present QLLVM, an advanced Quantum-Classical co-compilation framework built on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Yu Zhu , Qiming Du , Yuqiong Jin , Woji He , Hang Lian , Xin Zhou , Jinchen Xu , Zheng Shan

The continuous growth of quantum computing and the increasingly complex quantum programs resulting from it lead to unprecedented obstacles in ensuring program correctness. Runtime assertions are, therefore, becoming a crucial tool in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum computing technology may soon deliver revolutionary improvements in algorithmic performance, but these are only useful if computed answers are correct. While hardware-level decoherence errors have garnered significant attention, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yuxiang Peng , Kesha Hietala , Runzhou Tao , Liyi Li , Robert Rand , Michael Hicks , Xiaodi Wu

Quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) aims to use quantum effects to create sequential decision-making policies that achieve tasks more effectively than their classical counterparts. However, QRL policies face uncertainty from quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Dennis Gross

We present the design, implementation, and foundation of a verifier for higher-order functional programs with generics and recursive data types. Our system supports proving safety and termination using preconditions, postconditions and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Jad Hamza , Nicolas Voirol , Viktor Kunčak

We develop a sound and complete equational theory for the functional quantum programming language QML. The soundness and completeness of the theory are with respect to the previously-developed denotational semantics of QML. The completeness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-06 Thorsten Altenkirch , Jonathan Grattage , Juliana K. Vizzotto , Amr Sabry

Quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) is a set of techniques to probe, describe, and assess the behavior of quantum bits (qubits), quantum information-processing registers, and quantum computers. QCVV protocols probe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-21 Robin Blume-Kohout , Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

Quantum computing will change the way we tackle certain problems. It promises to dramatically speed-up many chemical, financial, and machine-learning applications. However, to capitalize on those promises, complex design flows composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Smart contracts are computer programs that run on blockchain platforms, with Solidity being the most widely used language for their development. As blockchain technology advances, smart contracts have become increasingly important across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lantian Li , Zhihao Liu , Zhongxing Yu

Automatic verification deals with the validation by means of computers of correctness certificates. The related tools, usually called proof assistants or interactive provers, provide an interactive environment for the creation of formal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Andrea Asperti

We propose a quantum-state-certification protocol for stabilizer states, motivated by application in in-situ testing of NISQ-era quantum computer systems: The number of qubits is bounded, and in terms of cost of running the protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Dirk Oliver Theis

Automated program verifiers are typically implemented using an intermediate verification language (IVL), such as Boogie or Why3. A verifier front-end translates the input program and specification into an IVL program, while the back-end…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Gaurav Parthasarathy , Thibault Dardinier , Benjamin Bonneau , Peter Müller , Alexander J. Summers

Recent advancements in test time compute, particularly through the use of verifier models, have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). This generator-verifier approach closely resembles the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jianing Qi , Hao Tang , Zhigang Zhu

Testing can be key to software quality assurance. Automated verification may increase throughput and reduce human fallibility errors. Test scripts supply inputs, run programs and check their outputs mechanically using test oracles. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 William B. Langdon

SMT-based verifiers have long been an effective means of ensuring safety properties of programs. While these techniques are well understood, we show that they implicitly require eager semantics; directly applying them to a lazy language is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-01-27 Niki Vazou , Eric L. Seidel , Ranjit Jhala

Recent developments in quantum hardware indicate that systems featuring more than 50 physical qubits are within reach. At this scale, classical simulation will no longer be feasible and there is a possibility that such quantum devices may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-06 Mathias Soeken , Thomas Häner , Martin Roetteler

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

We present a method to test quantum behavior of quantum information processing devices, such as quantum memories, teleportation devices, channels and quantum key distribution protocols. The test of quantum behavior can be phrased as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-07 Hauke Häseler , Tobias Moroder , Norbert Lütkenhaus

In the context of quantum-classical hybrid computing, evaluating analysability, which is the ease of understanding and modifying software, presents significant challenges due to the complexity and novelty of quantum algorithms. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Díaz-Muñoz Ana , Cruz-Lemus José A. , Rodríguez Moisés , Piattini Mario , Baldassarre Maria Teresa

Formal verification of complex algorithms is challenging. Verifying their implementations goes beyond the state of the art of current automatic verification tools and usually involves intricate mathematical theorems. Certifying algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Eyad Alkassar , Sascha Böhme , Kurt Mehlhorn , Christine Rizkallah