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Recently, great progress has been made for online handwritten Chinese character recognition due to the emergence of deep learning techniques. However, previous research mostly treated each Chinese character as one class without explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Jianshu Zhang , Yixing Zhu , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

The oracle bone inscription (OBI) recognition plays a significant role in understanding the history and culture of ancient China. However, the existing OBI datasets suffer from a long-tail distribution problem, leading to biased performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jinhao Li , Zijian Chen , Runze Jiang , Tingzhu Chen , Changbo Wang , Guangtao Zhai

Oracle bone script is the earliest-known Chinese writing system of the Shang dynasty and is precious to archeology and philology. However, real-world scanned oracle data are rare and few experts are available for annotation which make the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Mei Wang , Weihong Deng , Cheng-Lin Liu

This paper presents a novel approach to Chinese characters through the lens of physics, network analysis, and natural systems. Computational analysis of over 6,000 characters identified 422 elemental characters as fundamental building…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-28 Wen G. Gong

Optical character recognition (OCR) methods have been applied to diverse tasks, e.g., street view text recognition and document analysis. Recently, zero-shot OCR has piqued the interest of the research community because it considers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Xiaolei Diao , Daqian Shi , Jian Li , Lida Shi , Mingzhe Yue , Ruihua Qi , Chuntao Li , Hao Xu

Chinese is one of the most widely used languages in the world, yet online handwritten Chinese character recognition (OLHCCR) remains challenging. To recognize Chinese characters, one popular choice is to adopt the 2D convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Ji Gan , Weiqiang Wang , Ke Lu

There are many difficulties facing a handwritten Arabic recognition system such as unlimited variation in human handwriting, similarities of distinct character shapes, interconnections of neighbouring characters and their position in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Ahmed Sahlol , Cheng Suen

The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems have been widely used in various of application scenarios, such as office automation (OA) systems, factory automations, online educations, map productions etc. However, OCR is still a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Yuning Du , Chenxia Li , Ruoyu Guo , Xiaoting Yin , Weiwei Liu , Jun Zhou , Yifan Bai , Zilin Yu , Yehua Yang , Qingqing Dang , Haoshuang Wang

Ancient manuscripts are the primary source of ancient linguistic corpora. However, many ancient manuscripts exhibit duplications due to unintentional repeated publication or deliberate forgery. The Dead Sea Scrolls, for example, include…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chongsheng Zhang , Shuwen Wu , Yingqi Chen , Yi Men , Gaojuan Fan , Matthias Aßenmacher , Christian Heumann , João Gama

Chinese characters have a complex and hierarchical graphical structure carrying both semantic and phonetic information. We use this structure to enhance the text model and obtain better results in standard NLP operations. First of all, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-05-22 Yannis Haralambous

Stroke extraction of Chinese characters plays an important role in the field of character recognition and generation. The most existing character stroke extraction methods focus on image morphological features. These methods usually lead to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Meng Li , Yahan Yu , Yi Yang , Guanghao Ren , Jian Wang

Recognition of ancient Tamil characters has always been a challenge for epigraphers. This is primarily because the language has evolved over the several centuries and the character set over this time has both expanded and diversified. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Lalitha Giridhar , Aishwarya Dharani and , Velmathi Guruviah

Optical character recognition (OCR) is crucial for a deeper access to historical collections. OCR needs to account for orthographic variations, typefaces, or language evolution (i.e., new letters, word spellings), as the main source of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Lijun Lyu , Maria Koutraki , Martin Krickl , Besnik Fetahu

Recently, great success has been achieved in offline handwritten Chinese character recognition by using deep learning methods. Chinese characters are mainly logographic and consist of basic radicals, however, previous research mostly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Wenchao Wang , Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Zi-Rui Wang , Yixing Zhu

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has been a topic of interest for many years. It is defined as the process of digitizing a document image into its constituent characters. Despite decades of intense research, developing OCR with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Noman Islam , Zeeshan Islam , Nazia Noor

Comprehension of ancient texts plays an important role in archaeology and understanding of Chinese history and civilization. The rapid development of large language models needs benchmarks that can evaluate their comprehension of ancient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhihan Zhou , Daqian Shi , Rui Song , Lida Shi , Xiaolei Diao , Hao Xu

Bronze inscriptions (BI), engraved on ritual vessels, constitute a crucial stage of early Chinese writing and provide indispensable evidence for archaeological and historical studies. However, automatic BI recognition remains difficult due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Rixin Zhou , Peiqiang Qiu , Qian Zhang , Chuntao Li , Xi Yang

Ancient Chinese character recognition is a core capability for cultural heritage digitization, yet real-world workflows are inherently non-stationary: newly excavated materials are continuously onboarded, bringing new classes in different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuchuan Wu , Yinglian Zhu , Haiyang Yu , Ke Niu , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

We present a method to leverage radical for learning Chinese character embedding. Radical is a semantic and phonetic component of Chinese character. It plays an important role as characters with the same radical usually have similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Yaming Sun , Lei Lin , Duyu Tang , Nan Yang , Zhenzhou Ji , Xiaolong Wang

It is intuitive that NLP tasks for logographic languages like Chinese should benefit from the use of the glyph information in those languages. However, due to the lack of rich pictographic evidence in glyphs and the weak generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Yuxian Meng , Wei Wu , Fei Wang , Xiaoya Li , Ping Nie , Fan Yin , Muyu Li , Qinghong Han , Xiaofei Sun , Jiwei Li