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Vector Quantization (VQ) is a well-known technique in deep learning for extracting informative discrete latent representations. VQ-embedded models have shown impressive results in a range of applications including image and speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tanmay Gautam , Reid Pryzant , Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Somayeh Sojoudi

Variational auto-encoder (VAE) is an effective neural network architecture to disentangle a speech utterance into speaker identity and linguistic content latent embeddings, then generate an utterance for a target speaker from that of a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Ziang Long , Yunling Zheng , Meng Yu , Jack Xin

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

Learning rich data representations from unlabeled data is a key challenge towards applying deep learning algorithms in downstream tasks. Several variants of variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been proposed to learn compact data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Pan Xiao , Peijie Qiu , Sungmin Ha , Abdalla Bani , Shuang Zhou , Aristeidis Sotiras

In this letter, we propose a vector quantized-variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE)-based feedback scheme for robust precoder design in multi-user frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. We demonstrate how the VQ-VAE can be tailored to specific…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Nurettin Turan , Michael Baur , Jianqing Li , Wolfgang Utschick

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have achieved great success by significantly improving performance while maintaining computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, their enormous parameter sizes and memory demands pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zukang Xu , Zhixiong Zhao , Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang

Vector Quantization (VQ) has emerged as a prominent weight compression technique, showcasing substantially lower quantization errors than uniform quantization across diverse models, particularly in extreme compression scenarios. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Shuaiting Li , Juncan Deng , Chenxuan Wang , Kedong Xu , Rongtao Deng , Hong Gu , Haibin Shen , Kejie Huang

Recent proposals for quantum generative adversarial networks (GANs) suffer from the issue of mode collapse, analogous to classical GANs, wherein the distribution learnt by the GAN fails to capture the high mode complexities of the target…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Aaron Mark Thomas , Harry Youel , Sharu Theresa Jose

In this paper, we report our submitted system for the ZeroSpeech 2020 challenge on Track 2019. The main theme in this challenge is to build a speech synthesizer without any textual information or phonetic labels. In order to tackle those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Andros Tjandra , Sakriani Sakti , Satoshi Nakamura

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are fundamental for generative modeling and image reconstruction, yet their performance often struggles to maintain high fidelity in reconstructions. This study introduces a hybrid model, quantum variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Farina Riaz , Fakhar Zaman , Hajime Suzuki , Sharif Abuadbba , David Nguyen

State-of-the-art Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) for learning disentangled latent representations give impressive results in discovering features like pitch, pause duration, and accent in speech data, leading to highly controllable…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Shakti Kumar , Jithin Pradeep , Hussain Zaidi

The multi-codebook speech codec enables the application of large language models (LLM) in TTS but bottlenecks efficiency and robustness due to multi-sequence prediction. To avoid this obstacle, we propose Single-Codec, a single-codebook…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Hanzhao Li , Liumeng Xue , Haohan Guo , Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Lei Xie , Yunlin Chen , Hao Yin , Zhifei Li

Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (VQ-VAE) has become a fundamental framework for learning discrete representations in image modeling. However, VQ-VAE models must tokenize entire images using a finite set of codebook vectors, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jaeyung Kim , YoungJoon Yoo

We propose a divide-and-conquer method for the quantum-classical hybrid algorithm to solve larger problems with small-scale quantum computers. Specifically, we concatenate a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) with a reduction in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Keisuke Fujii , Kaoru Mizuta , Hiroshi Ueda , Kosuke Mitarai , Wataru Mizukami , Yuya O. Nakagawa

In recent years, the task of video prediction-forecasting future video given past video frames-has attracted attention in the research community. In this paper we propose a novel approach to this problem with Vector Quantized Variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Jacob Walker , Ali Razavi , Aäron van den Oord

Vector quantization (VQ) is a key component in discrete tokenizers for image generation, but its training is often unstable due to straight-through estimation bias, one-step-behind updates, and sparse codebook gradients, which lead to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yifan Chang , Jie Qin , Limeng Qiao , Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Lin Ma , Xingang Wang

Vector quantization (VQ) is a key technique in high-resolution and high-fidelity image synthesis, which aims to learn a codebook to encode an image with a sequence of discrete codes and then generate an image in an auto-regression manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Guotao Liang , Baoquan Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Xutao Li , Yunming Ye , Huaibin Wang , Chuyao Luo , Kola Ye , linfeng Luo

Vector Quantization (VQ) has become the cornerstone of tokenization for many multimodal Large Language Models and diffusion synthesis. However, existing VQ paradigms suffer from a fundamental conflict: they enforce discretization before the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Zhouhan Lin , Dianbo Liu

The processing of mega-dimensional data, such as images, scales linearly with image size only if fixed size processing windows are used. It would be very useful to be able to automate the process of sizing and interconnecting the processing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-12-21 Stephen Luttrell

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) hold great potential for modelling text, as they could in theory separate high-level semantic and syntactic properties from local regularities of natural language. Practically, however, VAEs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Teng Long , Yanshuai Cao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung