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The current approach for new Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and Connected and Automated Driving (CAD) function development involves a significant amount of public road testing which is inefficient due to the number miles that need…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xincheng Cao , Haochong Chen , Bilin Aksun-Guvenc , Levent Guvenc

The current approach to connected and autonomous driving function development and evaluation uses model-in-the-loop simulation, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, and limited proving ground work followed by public road deployment of beta…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Xincheng Cao , Haochong Chen , Sukru Yaren Gelbal , Bilin Aksun-Guvenc , Levent Guvenc

Existing traffic simulation models often fall short in capturing the intricacies of real-world scenarios, particularly the interactive behaviors among multiple traffic participants, thereby limiting their utility in the evaluation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiyu Huang , Zixu Zhang , Ameya Vaidya , Yuxiao Chen , Chen Lv , Jaime Fernández Fisac

Simulation is essential to validate autonomous driving systems. However, a simple simulation, even for an extremely high number of simulated miles or hours, is not sufficient. We need well-founded criteria showing that simulation does…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Qiang Wang , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Given the rapid advance in ITS technologies, future mobility is pointing to vehicular autonomy. However, there is still a long way before full automation, and human intervention is required. This work sheds light on understanding human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zheng Xu

Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…

For a foreseeable future, autonomous vehicles (AVs) will operate in traffic together with human-driven vehicles. Their planning and control systems need extensive testing, including early-stage testing in simulations where the interactions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Ran Tian , Nan Li , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Yildiray Yildiz , Anouck Girard

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to significantly revolutionize society by providing a secure and efficient mode of transportation. Recent years have witnessed notable advancements in autonomous driving perception and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Di Chen , Meixin Zhu , Hao Yang , Xuesong Wang , Yinhai Wang

Virtual testing of automated driving systems (ADS) has become an essential part of testing procedures for all automation levels. As ADS from automation level 3 and up are very complex, virtual testing for such systems is inevitable. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Demin Nalic , Aleksa Pandurevic , Arno Eichberger , Branko Rogic

The present cross-disciplinary research explores pedestrian-autonomous vehicle interactions in a safe, virtual environment. We first present contemporary tools in the field and then propose the design and development of a new application…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Georgios Pappas , Joshua E. Siegel , Jacob Rutkowski , Andrea Schaaf

Safety validation of autonomous driving systems is extremely challenging due to the high risks and costs of real-world testing as well as the rarity and diversity of potential failures. To address these challenges, we train a denoising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Juanran Wang , Marc R. Schlichting , Harrison Delecki , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

With the increasing integration of intelligent driving functions into serial-produced vehicles, ensuring their functionality and robustness poses greater challenges. Compared to traditional road testing, scenario-based virtual testing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Li Li , Tobias Brinkmann , Till Temmen , Markus Eisenbarth , Jakob Andert

Increasingly sophisticated function development is taking place with the aim of developing efficient, safe and increasingly Automated Driving Functions. This development is possible with the use of diverse data from sources such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Eric Armengaud , Sebastian Frager , Stephen Jones , Alexander Massoner , Alejandro Ferreira Parrilla , Niklas Wikström , Georg Macher

Scenario-based testing is essential for validating the performance of autonomous driving (AD) systems. However, such testing is limited by the scarcity of long-tailed, safety-critical scenarios in existing datasets collected in the real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yuxin Liu , Zhenghao Peng , Xuanhao Cui , Bolei Zhou

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

Traditional methods for developing and evaluating autonomous driving functions, such as model-in-the-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, heavily depend on the accuracy of simulated vehicle models and human factors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Haochong Chen , Xincheng Cao , Levent Guvenc , Bilin Aksun Guvenc

The investigation of factors contributing at making humans trust Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will play a fundamental role in the adoption of such technology. The user's ability to form a mental model of the AV, which is crucial to establish…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Lia Morra , Fabrizio Lamberti , F. Gabriele Pratticó , Salvatore La Rosa , Paolo Montuschi

With ongoing development of autonomous driving systems and increasing desire for deployment, researchers continue to seek reliable approaches for ADS systems. The virtual simulation test (VST) has become a prominent approach for testing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Jiqian Dong , Sikai Chen , Samuel Labi

Data for training learning-enabled self-driving cars in the physical world are typically collected in a safe, normal environment. Such data distribution often engenders a strong bias towards safe driving, making self-driving cars unprepared…

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz
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