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Let $\gamma\in (0,2)$, let $h$ be the planar Gaussian free field, and let $D_h$ be the associated $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric. We prove that for any random Borel set $X \subset \mathbb{C}$ which is independent from $h$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer

Let $h$ be a log-correlated Gaussian field on $\R^d$, let $\gamma \in (0,\sqrt{2d}),$ let $\mu_h$ be the $\gamma$-Gaussian multiplicative chaos measure, and let $D_h$ be an exponential metric associated with $h$ satisfying certain natural…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-18 Andres A. Contreras Hip , Ewain Gwynne

We show that for each $\gamma \in (0,2)$, there is a unique metric (i.e., distance function) associated with $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG). More precisely, we show that for the whole-plane Gaussian free field (GFF) $h$, there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

Liouville Quantum Field Theory can be seen as a probabilistic theory of 2d Riemannian metrics $e^{\phi(z)}dz^2$, conjecturally describing scaling limits of discrete $2d$-random surfaces. The law of the random field $\phi$ in LQFT depends on…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-08 François David , Antti Kupiainen , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

We study Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in the supercritical (a.k.a. strongly coupled) phase, which has background charge $Q \in (0,2)$ and central charge $\mathbf{c}_{\mathrm{L}} = 1+6Q^2 \in (1,25)$. Recent works have shown how to define…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Manan Bhatia , Ewain Gwynne , Jinwoo Sung

Originating in theoretical physics, Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) has been an important topic in probability theory and mathematical physics in the past two decades. In this proceeding, we review two aspects of this topic. The first is…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Nina Holden , Xin Sun

Consider a bounded planar domain D, an instance h of the Gaussian free field on D (with Dirichlet energy normalized by 1/(2\pi)), and a constant 0 < gamma < 2. The Liouville quantum gravity measure on D is the weak limit as epsilon tends to…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-03 Bertrand Duplantier , Scott Sheffield

There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${\mathbf{c}}_{\mathrm M}\in(-\infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Joshua Pfeffer , Guillaume Remy

We consider the discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) in scaled-up (square-lattice) versions of suitably regular continuum domains $D\subset\mathbb C$ and describe the scaling limit, including local structure, of the level sets at heights…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Marek Biskup , Oren Louidor

We introduce the concept of a local metric of the Gaussian free field (GFF) $h$, which is a random metric coupled with $h$ in such a way that it depends locally on $h$ in a certain sense. This definition is a metric analog of the concept of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

We consider the Discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) in domains $D_N\subseteq\mathbb Z^2$ arising, via scaling by $N$, from nice domains $D\subseteq\mathbb R^2$. We study the statistics of the values order $\sqrt{\log N}$ below the absolute…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Marek Biskup , Stephan Gufler , Oren Louidor

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is, heuristically, a theory of random Riemannian geometry with Riemannian metric tensor $e^{\gamma h} (\mathrm{d} x^2 + \mathrm{d} y^2)$, where $h$ is a variant of the Gaussian free field and $\gamma > 0$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Charles Devlin VI

We investigate the notion of curvature in the context of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces. We define the Gaussian curvature for LQG, which we conjecture is the scaling limit of discrete curvature on random planar maps. Motivated by…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Andres Contreras Hip , Ewain Gwynne

In this paper, we construct the Brownian motion of Liouville Quantum Gravity with central charge $c=1$ (more precisely we restrict to the corresponding free field theory). Liouville quantum gravity with $c=1$ corresponds to two-dimensional…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-17 Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is a one-parameter family of models of random fractal surfaces which first appeared in the physics literature in the 1980s. Recent works have constructed a metric (distance function) on an LQG surface. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-24 Jian Ding , Julien Dubedat , Ewain Gwynne

This article is concerned with the study of the fractal dimension of thick points for a 4-dimensional Gaussian Free Field. We adopt the definition of Gaussian Free Field on $\R^4$ introduced by Chen and Jakobson (2012) viewed as an abstract…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-08 Alessandra Cipriani , Rajat Subhra Hazra

Physics considerations suggest that a theory of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) should exist for all values of matter central charge $\mathbf{c} \in (-\infty,25)$. Probabilists have rigorously defined LQG as a random metric measure space…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Joshua Pfeffer

Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with non-vanishing cosmological constant coupled to Liouville theory is considered as a non-critical string on $d$ dimensional flat spacetime. It is discussed how the presence of cosmological constant yields…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-29 Gaston Giribet

We prove that for each $\gamma \in (0,2)$, there is an exponent $d_\gamma > 2$, the "fractal dimension of $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG)", which describes the ball volume growth exponent for certain random planar maps in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne

In Liouville quantum gravity (or $2d$-Gaussian multiplicative chaos) one seeks to define a measure $\mu^h = e^{\gamma h(z)} dz$ where $h$ is an instance of the Gaussian free field on a planar domain $D$. Since $h$ is a distribution, not a…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Scott Sheffield , Menglu Wang
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