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Galaxy observations suggest that mergers of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are rare events, with rates of order one per decade across the observable Universe. We present a framework to search for merging SMBHBs in pulsar timing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-17 Sharon Mary Tomson , Boris Goncharov , Rutger van Haasteren

Binary black holes (BBHs) in eccentric orbits produce distinct modulations in gravitational waves (GWs); measuring orbital eccentricity provides evidence for dynamical binary formation channels. We analyze 57 GW events from the…

One of the most promising targets for Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is identifying an individual supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) out of the population of binaries theorized to produce a gravitational wave background (GWB). In this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Levi Schult , Polina Petrov , Stephen R. Taylor , Nihan Pol , Nima Laal , Maria Charisi , Chung-Pei Ma

We study the growth of supermassive black holes accounting for both accretion and mergers. The former is informed by observations of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) and the latter by the gravitational wave-background (GWB) recently…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga , Eliot Quataert

The origin of black hole mergers discovered by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories is currently unknown. GW190521 is the heaviest black hole merger detected so far. Its observed high mass and possible spin-induced orbital…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-28 V. Gayathri , J. Healy , J. Lange , B. O'Brien , M. Szczepanczyk , I. Bartos , M. Campanelli , S. Klimenko , C. Lousto , R. O'Shaughnessy

Mergers of binary black holes on eccentric orbits are among the targets for second-generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. These sources may commonly form in galactic nuclei due to gravitational-wave emission during close…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-06 László Gondán , Bence Kocsis , Péter Raffai , Zsolt Frei

Using few-body simulations, we investigate the evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies ($M_{\star}=10^{10}-10^{12}{\rm M}_{\odot}$ at $z=0$) at $0<z<4$. Following galaxy merger trees from the Millennium simulation, we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-29 Taeho Ryu , Rosalba Perna , Zoltán Haiman , Jeremiah P. Ostriker , Nicholas C. Stone

We study the dynamical evolution of eccentric massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) interacting with unbound stars by means of an extensive set of three body scattering experiments. Compared to previous studies, we extend the investigation…

Gravitational waves radiated during binary black hole coalescence is a perfect probe for studying the characteristics of strong gravity. Advanced techniques for creating numerical relativity substitute models for eccentric binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-08 Sourav Roy Chowdhury , Maxim Khlopov

We investigate the evolution of supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) in galaxies with realistic property distributions and the gravitational-wave (GW) radiation from the cosmic population of these BBHs. We incorporate a comprehensive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-24 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

In this paper we attempt to investigate the nature of the first gravitational wave (GW) signal to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs): will it be an individual, resolved supermassive black hole binary (SBHB), or a stochastic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Pablo A. Rosado , Alberto Sesana , Jonathan Gair

Multiple formation pathways have been proposed for the origin of binary black holes (BBHs). These include isolated binary evolution and dynamical assembly in dense stellar environments such as nuclear or globular star clusters. Yet, the…

As current gravitational wave (GW) detectors increase in sensitivity, and particularly as new instruments are being planned, there is the possibility that ground-based GW detectors will observe GWs from highly eccentric neutron star…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-14 Swami Vivekanandji Chaurasia , Tim Dietrich , Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel , Maximiliano Ujevic , Wolfgang Tichy , Bernd Brügmann

We calculate the properties, occurrence rates and detection prospects of individually resolvable 'single sources' in the low frequency gravitational wave (GW) spectrum. Our simulations use the population of galaxies and massive black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-28 Luke Zoltan Kelley , Laura Blecha , Lars Hernquist , Alberto Sesana , Stephen R. Taylor

The orbital eccentricity of a merging binary black hole leaves an imprint on the associated gravitational-wave signal that can reveal whether the binary formed in isolation or in a dynamical environment, such as the core of a dense star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

Eccentric binary black holes (BBHs) formed through dynamical interactions can significantly contribute to gravitational wave (GW) detections. In this work, we present a simulated catalog of dynamically-formed, stellar-mass BBHs in the local…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-28 Zeyuan Xuan , Smadar Naoz , Kyle Kremer , Michael L. Katz , Bence Kocsis , Erez Michaely

With strong evidence of a common-spectrum stochastic process in the most recent datasets from the NANOGrav Collaboration, the European Pulsar Timing Array (PTA), Parkes PTA, and the International PTA, it is crucial to assess the effects of…

The merger of a super-massive binary black hole (SBBH) is one of the most extreme events in the universe with a huge amount of energy released by gravitational radiation. Although the characteristic gravitational wave (GW) frequency around…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Naoki Seto

We estimate the population of eccentric gravitational wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) mergers forming during binary-single interactions in globular clusters (GCs), using ~ 800 GC models that were evolved using the MOCCA code for star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-28 Johan Samsing , Abbas Askar , Mirek Giersz

We estimate the merger timescale of spectroscopically-selected, subparsec supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates by comparing their expected contribution to the gravitational wave background (GWB) with the sensitivity of current…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-13 Khai Nguyen , Tamara Bogdanovic , Jessie C. Runnoe , Stephen R. Taylor , Alberto Sesana , Michael Eracleous , Steinn Sigurdsson
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