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Watermarking has become the tendency in protecting the intellectual property of DNN models. Recent works, from the adversary's perspective, attempted to subvert watermarking mechanisms by designing watermark removal attacks. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Han Qiu , Yi Zeng , Tao Xiang , Yang Liu

We propose a methodology for planting watermarks in text from an autoregressive language model that are robust to perturbations without changing the distribution over text up to a certain maximum generation budget. We generate watermarked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rohith Kuditipudi , John Thickstun , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Percy Liang

Generative code models (GCMs) significantly enhance development efficiency through automated code generation and code summarization. However, building and training these models require computational resources and time, necessitating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haoxuan Li , Jiale Zhang , Xiaobing Sun , Xiapu Luo

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in natural language processing tasks, but their ability to generate human-quality text raises significant ethical and operational concerns in settings…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Adam Block , Ayush Sekhari , Alexander Rakhlin

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Claude 3.5, underscores the need to distinguish LLM-generated text from human-written content to mitigate the spread of misinformation and misuse in education. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-11 Xingchi Li , Xiaochi Liu , Guanxun Li

With the growth of editing and sharing images through the internet, the importance of protecting the images' authorship has increased. Robust watermarking is a known approach to maintaining copyright protection. Robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Arezoo PariZanganeh , Ghazaleh Ghorbanzadeh , Zahra Nabizadeh ShahreBabak , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

A generative AI model can generate extremely realistic-looking content, posing growing challenges to the authenticity of information. To address the challenges, watermark has been leveraged to detect AI-generated content. Specifically, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Jinghuai Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

AI-powered generative models have significantly expanded the possibilities for editing, manipulating, and creating high-quality images. Particularly, images that falsely appear to originate from trusted sources pose a serious threat,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mathias Graf , Marco Willi , Melanie Mathys , Michael Aerni , Christian Schwarzer , Martin Melchior , Michael H. Graber

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution to counter harmful or deceptive AI-generated content by embedding hidden identifiers that trace content origins. However, the robustness of current watermarking techniques is still largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xiaodong Wu , Tianyi Tang , Xiangman Li , Jianbing Ni , Yong Yu

Digital contents have grown dramatically in recent years, leading to increased attention to copyright. Image watermarking has been considered one of the most popular methods for copyright protection. With the recent advancements in applying…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Maedeh Jamali , Nader Karim , Pejman Khadivi , Shahram Shirani , Shadrokh Samavi

The advancement of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) has created a pressing need for robust image watermarking that can withstand both conventional signal processing and novel semantic editing attacks. Current deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yichao Tang , Mingyang Li , Di Miao , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

We introduce models and algorithmic foundations for graph watermarking. Our frameworks include security definitions and proofs, as well as characterizations when graph watermarking is algorithmically feasible, in spite of the fact that the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-01 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Jenny Lam , Nil Mamano , Michael Mitzenmacher , Manuel Torres

In this paper we present a novel deep framework for a watermarking - a technique of embedding a transparent message into an image in a way that allows retrieving the message from a (perturbed) copy, so that copyright infringement can be…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their training requires extensive data and computational resources, rendering them valuable digital assets. Therefore, it is essential to watermark LLMs to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuai Li , Kejiang Chen , Jun Jiang , Jie Zhang , Qiyi Yao , Kai Zeng , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nikola Jovanović , Ismail Labiad , Tomáš Souček , Martin Vechev , Pierre Fernandez

The state of the art performance of deep learning models comes at a high cost for companies and institutions, due to the tedious data collection and the heavy processing requirements. Recently, [35, 22] proposed to watermark convolutional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Erwan Le Merrer , Patrick Perez , Gilles Trédan

Watermarking is a technical means to dissuade malfeasant usage of Large Language Models. This paper proposes a novel watermarking scheme, so-called WaterMax, that enjoys high detectability while sustaining the quality of the generated text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Eva Giboulot , Teddy Furon

To mitigate potential risks associated with language models, recent AI detection research proposes incorporating watermarks into machine-generated text through random vocabulary restrictions and utilizing this information for detection.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yu Fu , Deyi Xiong , Yue Dong

Methods for watermarking large language models have been proposed that distinguish AI-generated text from human-generated text by slightly altering the model output distribution, but they also distort the quality of the text, exposing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Ya Jiang , Kai Zeng , Brian Mark
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