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The recent progress made in large language models (LLMs) has brought tremendous application prospects to the world. The growing model size demands LLM training on multiple GPUs, while data parallelism is the most popular distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mo Sun , Zihan Yang , Changyue Liao , Yingtao Li , Fei Wu , Zeke Wang

Distributed-memory implementations of numerical optimization algorithm, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD), require interprocessor communication at every iteration of the algorithm. On modern distributed-memory clusters where…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Aditya Devarakonda , Ramakrishnan Kannan

Topology optimization (TO) is a popular and powerful computational approach for designing novel structures, materials, and devices. Two computational challenges have limited the applicability of TO to a variety of industrial applications.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Sirui Bi , Jiaxin Zhang , Guannan Zhang

In order to satisfy their ever increasing capacity and compute requirements, machine learning models are distributed across multiple nodes using numerous parallelism strategies. As a result, collective communications are often on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Kishore Punniyamurthy , Khaled Hamidouche , Bradford M. Beckmann

Hybrid parallelism techniques are essential for efficiently training large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, current automatic parallel planning frameworks often overlook the simultaneous consideration of node heterogeneity and dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ruilong Wu , Xinjiao Li , Yisu Wang , Xinyu Chen , Dirk Kutscher

We consider a MapReduce-type task running in a distributed computing model which consists of ${K}$ edge computing nodes distributed across the edge of the network and a Master node that assists the edge nodes to compute output functions.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Haoning Chen , Youlong Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) in agentic workflows combine multi-step reasoning, heterogeneous tool use, and collaboration across multiple specialized agents. Existing LLM serving engines optimize individual calls in isolation, while…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junyi Shen , Noppanat Wadlom , Yao Lu

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in both latency-sensitive online services and cost-sensitive offline workloads. Co-locating these workloads on shared serving instances can improve resource utilization, but directly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Siyu Wu , Zihan Tang , Yuting Zeng , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Tongxuan Liu , Ke Zhang , Hailong Yang

This work introduces DADAO: the first decentralized, accelerated, asynchronous, primal, first-order algorithm to minimize a sum of $L$-smooth and $\mu$-strongly convex functions distributed over a given network of size $n$. Our key insight…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Adel Nabli , Edouard Oyallon

Distributed deep learning workloads include throughput-intensive training tasks on the GPU clusters, where the Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) incurs significant communication delays after backward propagation, forces workers…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Cheng Luo , Lei Qu , Youshan Miao , Peng Cheng , Yongqiang Xiong

The rapid growth of deep learning models has increased the demand for efficient distributed training strategies. Fully sharded approaches like ZeRO-3 and FSDP partition model parameters across GPUs and apply optimizations such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Masahiro Tanaka , Du Li , Umesh Chand , Ali Zafar , Haiying Shen , Olatunji Ruwase

In this paper, we focus on an asynchronous distributed optimization problem. In our problem, each node is endowed with a convex local cost function, and is able to communicate with its neighbors over a directed communication network.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Apostolos I. Rikos , Wei Jiang , Themistoklis Charalambous , Karl H. Johansson

In this paper, we study the communication and (sub)gradient computation costs in distributed optimization and give a sharp complexity analysis for the proposed distributed accelerated gradient methods. We present two algorithms based on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-19 Huan Li , Cong Fang , Wotao Yin , Zhouchen Lin

Distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is essential for scaling the machine learning algorithms to a large number of computing nodes. However, the infrastructures variability such as high communication delay or random node slowdown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jianyu Wang , Hao Liang , Gauri Joshi

Modern deployment of large language models (LLMs) frequently involves both inference serving and continuous retraining to stay aligned with evolving data and user feedback. Common practices separate these workloads onto distinct servers in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yufei Li , Zexin Li , Yinglun Zhu , Cong Liu

Distributed supply-chain optimization demands algorithms that can cope with unreliable communication, unbounded messaging delays, and geographically dispersed agents while still guaranteeing convergence with provable rates. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Laksh Patel , Neel Shanbhag

Data Parallelism (DP), Tensor Parallelism (TP), and Pipeline Parallelism (PP) are the three strategies widely adopted to enable fast and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) training. However, these approaches rely on data-intensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Lang Xu , Quentin Anthony , Qinghua Zhou , Nawras Alnaasan , Radha R. Gulhane , Aamir Shafi , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar K. Panda

Big data, including applications with high security requirements, are often collected and stored on multiple heterogeneous devices, such as mobile devices, drones and vehicles. Due to the limitations of communication costs and security…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Hao Chen , Yu Ye , Ming Xiao , Mikael Skoglund , H. Vincent Poor

Training large language models requires distributing computation across many accelerators, yet practitioners select parallelism strategies (data, tensor, pipeline, ZeRO) through trial and error because no unified systematic framework…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Deep Pankajbhai Mehta