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Clinical decision-making relies on the integrated analysis of medical images and the associated clinical reports. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can offer a unified framework for such tasks, they can exhibit strong biases toward one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 David Restrepo , Ira Ktena , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Enzo Ferrante

Despite emerging efforts to enhance the safety of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), current approaches face two main shortcomings. 1) Existing safety-tuning datasets and benchmarks only partially consider how image-text interactions can yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Youngwan Lee , Kangsan Kim , Kwanyong Park , Ilcahe Jung , Soojin Jang , Seanie Lee , Yong-Ju Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit biases from vast amounts of training corpora. Traditional debiasing methods, while effective to some extent, do not completely eliminate memorized biases and toxicity in LLMs. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Huimin Lu , Masaru Isonuma , Junichiro Mori , Ichiro Sakata

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) perform outstandingly across various multimodal tasks. However, their ability to evaluate generated content remains limited, and training vision-language reward models (VLRMs) with preference data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chen-An Li , Tzu-Han Lin , Yun-Nung Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Recent technological advancements in multimodal machine learning--including the rise of large language models (LLMs)--have improved our ability to collect, process, and analyze diverse multimodal data such as speech, video, and eye gaze in…

Large language models (LLMs) trained via pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can still produce harmful and misaligned outputs, or struggle in domains like math and coding. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhichao Wang , Kiran Ramnath , Bin Bi , Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Sougata Chaudhuri , Shubham Mehrotra , Zixu , Zhu , Xiang-Bo Mao , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a notable field, attracting significant attention for its ability to automatically generate intelligent contents for various application domains. However, LLMs still suffer from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kongyang Chen , Zixin Wang , Bing Mi , Waixi Liu , Shaowei Wang , Xiaojun Ren , Jiaxing Shen

Although vision-language pre-training (VLP) models have achieved remarkable progress on cross-modal tasks, they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Using data augmentation and cross-modal interactions to generate transferable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Renhua Ding , Xinze Zhang , Xiao Yang , Kun He

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have expanded the capabilities of traditional language models by enabling interaction through both text and images. However, ensuring the safety of these models remains a significant challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Wenxuan Wang , Xiaoyuan Liu , Kuiyi Gao , Jen-tse Huang , Youliang Yuan , Pinjia He , Shuai Wang , Zhaopeng Tu

With the increasing attention to pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), \eg, CLIP, substantial efforts have been devoted to many downstream tasks, especially in test-time adaptation (TTA). However, previous works focus on learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xingyu Zhu , Shuo Wang , Beier Zhu , Miaoge Li , Yunfan Li , Junfeng Fang , Zhicai Wang , Dongsheng Wang , Hanwang Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models face growing safety challenges with multimodal inputs. This paper introduces the concept of Implicit Reasoning Safety, a vulnerability in LVLMs. Benign combined inputs trigger unsafe LVLM outputs due to flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wei Cai , Jian Zhao , Yuchu Jiang , Tianle Zhang , Xuelong Li

Vision-language models (VLMs) and the recent surge of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence with unprecedented cross-modal alignment and zero-shot generalization. However, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuyang Liu , Qiuhe Hong , Linlan Huang , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Dipam Goswami , Xialei Liu , Joost van de Weijer , Yonghong Tian

Recent advancements in multimodal techniques open exciting possibilities for models excelling in diverse tasks involving text, audio, and image processing. Models like GPT-4V, blending computer vision and language modeling, excel in complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Zijun Wu , Ning Shi

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have become essential backbones for multimodal intelligence, yet significant safety challenges limit their real-world application. While textual inputs are often effectively safeguarded, adversarial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yi Ding , Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have gained impressive performance due to their outstanding capability in various understanding tasks. However, these models still suffer from some fundamental limitations related to robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Thanh-Dat Truong , Huu-Thien Tran , Tran Thai Son , Bhiksha Raj , Khoa Luu

Large language models are finetuned to refuse questions about hazardous knowledge, but these protections can often be bypassed. Unlearning methods aim at completely removing hazardous capabilities from models and make them inaccessible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jakub Łucki , Boyi Wei , Yangsibo Huang , Peter Henderson , Florian Tramèr , Javier Rando

Visual instruction tuning has become the predominant technology in eliciting the multimodal task-solving capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). Despite the success, as visual instructions require images as the input, it would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zikang Liu , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Although speech is a simple and effective way for humans to communicate with the outside world, a more realistic speech interaction contains multimodal information, e.g., vision, text. How to design a unified framework to integrate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Qiushi Zhu , Long Zhou , Ziqiang Zhang , Shujie Liu , Binxing Jiao , Jie Zhang , Lirong Dai , Daxin Jiang , Jinyu Li , Furu Wei

This paper presents Audio-Visual LLM, a Multimodal Large Language Model that takes both visual and auditory inputs for holistic video understanding. A key design is the modality-augmented training, which involves the integration of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Fangxun Shu , Lei Zhang , Hao Jiang , Cihang Xie