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Text-conditioned diffusion models can generate impressive images, but fall short when it comes to fine-grained control. Unlike direct-editing tools like Photoshop, text conditioned models require the artist to perform "prompt engineering,"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Michelle Shu , Charles Herrmann , Richard Strong Bowen , Forrester Cole , Ramin Zabih

Given an unconditional diffusion model and a predictor for a target property of interest (e.g., a classifier), the goal of training-free guidance is to generate samples with desirable target properties without additional training. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haotian Ye , Haowei Lin , Jiaqi Han , Minkai Xu , Sheng Liu , Yitao Liang , Jianzhu Ma , James Zou , Stefano Ermon

Solving inverse problems without any training involves using a pretrained generative model and making appropriate modifications to the generation process to avoid finetuning of the generative model. While recent methods have explored the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ashwini Pokle , Matthew J. Muckley , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Brian Karrer

We study inference-time scaling for diffusion models, where the goal is to adapt a pre-trained model to new target distributions without retraining. Existing guidance-based methods are simple but introduce bias, while particle-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yinuo Ren , Wenhao Gao , Lexing Ying , Grant M. Rotskoff , Jiequn Han

Advancements in diffusion models have significantly improved video quality, directing attention to fine-grained controllability. However, many existing methods depend on fine-tuning large-scale video models for specific tasks, which becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sangwon Jang , Taekyung Ki , Jaehyeong Jo , Jaehong Yoon , Soo Ye Kim , Zhe Lin , Sung Ju Hwang

Diffusion models excel in generating high-quality images. However, current diffusion models struggle to produce reliable images without guidance methods, such as classifier-free guidance (CFG). Are guidance methods truly necessary?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Donghoon Ahn , Jiwon Kang , Sanghyun Lee , Jaewon Min , Minjae Kim , Wooseok Jang , Hyoungwon Cho , Sayak Paul , SeonHwa Kim , Eunju Cha , Kyong Hwan Jin , Seungryong Kim

Diffusion models are emerging expressive generative models, in which a large number of time steps (inference steps) are required for a single image generation. To accelerate such tedious process, reducing steps uniformly is considered as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Lijiang Li , Huixia Li , Xiawu Zheng , Jie Wu , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Min Zheng , Xin Pan , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

We found that enforcing guidance throughout the sampling process is often counterproductive due to the model-fitting issue, where samples are 'tuned' to match the classifier's parameters rather than generalizing the expected condition. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Anh-Dung Dinh , Daochang Liu , Chang Xu

There has been a flurry of activity around using pretrained diffusion models as informed data priors for solving inverse problems, and more generally around steering these models using reward models. Training-free methods like diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Aayush Karan , Kulin Shah , Sitan Chen

We introduce Spectral Guidance, a framework for controlling diffusion models by leveraging the intrinsic geometry of the generative process. As data is progressively corrupted by noise, only a small number of features remain informative for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gabriel Moreira , Manuel Marques , João Paulo Costeira , Chenyan Xiong

Training-free guidance enables controlled generation in diffusion and flow models, but most methods rely on gradients and assume differentiable objectives. This work focuses on training-free guidance addressing challenges from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yingqing Guo , Yukang Yang , Hui Yuan , Mengdi Wang

Diffusion models have shown tremendous results in image generation. However, due to the iterative nature of the diffusion process and its reliance on classifier-free guidance, inference times are slow. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yi-Ting Hsiao , Siavash Khodadadeh , Kevin Duarte , Wei-An Lin , Hui Qu , Mingi Kwon , Ratheesh Kalarot

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art generative models, yet their samples often fail to satisfy application objectives such as safety constraints or domain-specific validity. Existing techniques for alignment require gradients, internal…

The primary axes of interest in image-generating diffusion models are image quality, the amount of variation in the results, and how well the results align with a given condition, e.g., a class label or a text prompt. The popular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Tero Karras , Miika Aittala , Tuomas Kynkäänniemi , Jaakko Lehtinen , Timo Aila , Samuli Laine

Despite recent advances, diffusion-based text-to-image models still struggle with accurate text rendering. Several studies have proposed fine-tuning or training-free refinement methods for accurate text rendering. However, the critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Kanghyun Baek , Sangyub Lee , Jin Young Choi , Jaewoo Song , Daemin Park , Jooyoung Choi , Chaehun Shin , Bohyung Han , Sungroh Yoon

Conditional generative models typically demand large annotated training sets to achieve high-quality synthesis. As a result, there has been significant interest in designing models that perform plug-and-play generation, i.e., to use a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Anoop Cherian , Suhas Lohit , Ye Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Vishal M. Patel , Tim K. Marks

In the recent development of conditional diffusion models still require heavy supervised fine-tuning for performing control on a category of tasks. Training-free conditioning via guidance with off-the-shelf models is a favorable alternative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Christian Simon , Masato Ishii , Akio Hayakawa , Zhi Zhong , Shusuke Takahashi , Takashi Shibuya , Yuki Mitsufuji

Recent progress in image generation has sparked research into controlling these models through condition signals, with various methods addressing specific challenges in conditional generation. Instead of proposing another specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xirui Li , Charles Herrmann , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Yinxiao Li , Deqing Sun , Chao Ma , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Despite the recent advancements, conditional image generation still faces challenges of cost, generalizability, and the need for task-specific training. In this paper, we propose Manifold Preserving Guided Diffusion (MPGD), a training-free…

Dataset distillation enables efficient training by distilling the information of large-scale datasets into significantly smaller synthetic datasets. Diffusion based paradigms have emerged in recent years, offering novel perspectives for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Qichao Wang , Yunhong Lu , Hengyuan Cao , Junyi Zhang , Min Zhang