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Deriving multimodal representations of audio and lexical inputs is a central problem in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). In this paper, we present Contrastive Aligned Audio-Language Multirate and Multimodal Representations (CALM), an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-09 Vin Sachidananda , Shao-Yen Tseng , Erik Marchi , Sachin Kajarekar , Panayiotis Georgiou

Speech deepfake detection has recently gained significant attention within the multimedia forensics community. Related issues have also been explored, such as the identification of partially fake signals, i.e., tracks that include both real…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Viola Negroni , Davide Salvi , Paolo Bestagini , Stefano Tubaro

Recent years have witnessed the extraordinary development of automatic speaker verification (ASV). However, previous works show that state-of-the-art ASV models are seriously vulnerable to voice spoofing attacks, and the recently proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Haibin Wu , Jiawen Kang , Lingwei Meng , Yang Zhang , Xixin Wu , Zhiyong Wu , Hung-yi Lee , Helen Meng

Most existing masked audio modeling (MAM) methods learn audio representations by masking and reconstructing local spectrogram patches. However, the reconstruction loss mainly accounts for the signal-level quality of the reconstructed…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yifei Xin , Xiulian Peng , Yan Lu

Obtaining high-quality speaker embeddings in multi-speaker conditions is crucial for many applications. A recently proposed guided speaker embedding framework, which utilizes speech activities of target and non-target speakers as clues,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Shota Horiguchi , Takanori Ashihara , Marc Delcroix , Atsushi Ando , Naohiro Tawara

Humans do not acquire perceptual abilities in the way we train machines. While machine learning algorithms typically operate on large collections of randomly-chosen, explicitly-labeled examples, human acquisition relies more heavily on…

Text-to-speech and voice conversion studies are constantly improving to the extent where they can produce synthetic speech almost indistinguishable from bona fide human speech. In this regard, the importance of countermeasures (CM) against…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Jin Woo Lee , Eungbeom Kim , Junghyun Koo , Kyogu Lee

The NLP community has broadly focused on text-only approaches of cognitive state tasks, but audio can provide vital missing cues through prosody. We posit that text-to-speech models learn to track aspects of cognitive state in order to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Adil Soubki , John Murzaku , Peter Zeng , Owen Rambow

Audio deepfakes have improved rapidly recently, yet their effect on human trust in real speech remains unstudied. We present the largest listening study on audio deepfake perception to date, collecting 35,532 judgments from 1,768…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Nicolas M. Müller , Wei Herng Choong

We present our analysis of a significant data artifact in the official 2019/2021 ASVspoof Challenge Dataset. We identify an uneven distribution of silence duration in the training and test splits, which tends to correlate with the target…

Evaluating hypothetical statements about how the world would be had a different course of action been taken is arguably one key capability expected from modern AI systems. Counterfactual reasoning underpins discussions in fairness, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Kevin Xia , Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

Many recent studies endeavor to improve open-source language models through imitation learning, and re-training on the synthetic instruction data from state-of-the-art proprietary models like ChatGPT and GPT-4. However, the innate nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Hyunsoo Cho

Deep learning has brought impressive progress in the study of both automatic speaker verification (ASV) and spoofing countermeasures (CM). Although solutions are mutually dependent, they have typically evolved as standalone sub-systems…

Language Models (LMs) may acquire harmful knowledge, and yet feign ignorance of these topics when under audit. Inspired by the recent discovery of deception-related behaviour patterns in LMs, we aim to train classifiers that detect when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dhananjay Ashok , Ruth-Ann Armstrong , Jonathan May

Confidence estimation aims to quantify the confidence of the model prediction, providing an expectation of success. A well-calibrated confidence estimate enables accurate failure prediction and proper risk measurement when given noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Yu Lu , Jiali Zeng , Jiajun Zhang , Shuangzhi Wu , Mu Li

Several studies have proposed deep-learning-based models to predict the mean opinion score (MOS) of synthesized speech, showing the possibility of replacing human raters. However, inter- and intra-rater variability in MOSs makes it hard to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-03 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Hoirin Kim

Spoofing detection systems are typically trained using diverse recordings from multiple speakers, often assuming that the resulting embeddings are independent of speaker identity. However, this assumption remains unverified. In this paper,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anh-Tuan Dao , Driss Matrouf , Nicholas Evans

Subjective and objective experiments are conducted to understand the extent to which a speaker's gender influences the acoustics of unvoiced (U) sounds. U segments of utterances are replaced by the corresponding segments of a speaker of…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-07-17 A Madhavaraj , T V Ananthapadmanabha , A G Ramakrishnan

Thanks to the growing availability of spoofing databases and rapid advances in using them, systems for detecting voice spoofing attacks are becoming more and more capable, and error rates close to zero are being reached for the ASVspoof2015…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-05 Jaime Lorenzo-Trueba , Fuming Fang , Xin Wang , Isao Echizen , Junichi Yamagishi , Tomi Kinnunen

We present a method for audio denoising that combines processing done in both the time domain and the time-frequency domain. Given a noisy audio clip, the method trains a deep neural network to fit this signal. Since the fitting is only…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Michael Michelashvili , Lior Wolf