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Margin-based losses, especially one-class classification loss, have improved the generalization capabilities of countermeasure systems (CMs), but their reliability is not tested with spoofing attacks degraded with channel variation. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Rohit Arora , Anmol Arora , Rohit Singh Rathore

The rapid advancement of speech generation technology has led to the widespread proliferation of deepfake speech across social media platforms. While deepfake audio countermeasures (CMs) achieve promising results on public datasets, their…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuankun Xie , Ruibo Fu , Xiaopeng Wang , Zhiyong Wang , Ya Li , Zhengqi Wen , Haonnan Cheng , Long Ye

For Pretrained Language Models (PLMs), their susceptibility to noise has recently been linked to subword segmentation. However, it is unclear which aspects of segmentation affect their understanding. This study assesses the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinzhe Li , Ming Liu , Shang Gao

Most weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) methods follow the pipeline that generates pseudo-masks initially and trains the segmentation model with the pseudo-masks in fully supervised manner after. However, we find some matters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Yi Li , Zhanghui Kuang , Liyang Liu , Yimin Chen , Wayne Zhang

With the development of audio deepfake techniques, attacks with partially deepfake audio are beginning to rise. Compared to fully deepfake, it is much harder to be identified by the detector due to the partially cryptic manipulation,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiayi He , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Siding Zeng , Hao Gu

Audio anti-spoofing systems are typically formulated as binary classifiers distinguishing bona fide from spoofed speech. This assumption fails under layered generative processing, where benign transformations introduce distributional shifts…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish , Harm Lameris , Joakim Gustafson , Éva Székely

Neural speech editing advancements have raised concerns about their misuse in spoofing attacks. Traditional partially edited speech corpora primarily focus on cut-and-paste edits, which, while maintaining speaker consistency, often…

It is now well-known that automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems can be spoofed using various types of adversaries. The usual approach to counteract ASV systems against such attacks is to develop a separate spoofing countermeasure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xuechen Liu , Md Sahidullah , Kong Aik Lee , Tomi Kinnunen

We present Malafide, a universal adversarial attack against automatic speaker verification (ASV) spoofing countermeasures (CMs). By introducing convolutional noise using an optimised linear time-invariant filter, Malafide attacks can be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-14 Michele Panariello , Wanying Ge , Hemlata Tak , Massimiliano Todisco , Nicholas Evans

Recent advances in text-to-speech technologies have enabled realistic voice generation, fueling audio-based deepfake attacks such as fraud and impersonation. While audio anti-spoofing systems are critical for detecting such threats, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Binh Nguyen , Shuji Shi , Ryan Ofman , Thai Le

Synthesized speech is common today due to the prevalence of virtual assistants, easy-to-use tools for generating and modifying speech signals, and remote work practices. Synthesized speech can also be used for nefarious purposes, including…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Emily R. Bartusiak , Edward J. Delp

While the technologies empowering malicious audio deepfakes have dramatically evolved in recent years due to generative AI advances, the same cannot be said of global research into spoofing (deepfake) countermeasures. This paper highlights…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Héctor Delgado , Giorgio Ramondetti , Emanuele Dalmasso , Gennady Karvitsky , Daniele Colibro , Haydar Talib

Spoofing countermeasure (CM) and automatic speaker verification (ASV) sub-systems can be used in tandem with a backend classifier as a solution to the spoofing aware speaker verification (SASV) task. The two sub-systems are typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Wanying Ge , Hemlata Tak , Massimiliano Todisco , Nicholas Evans

Current text-to-speech algorithms produce realistic fakes of human voices, making deepfake detection a much-needed area of research. While researchers have presented various techniques for detecting audio spoofs, it is often unclear exactly…

Audio has become an increasingly crucial biometric modality due to its ability to provide an intuitive way for humans to interact with machines. It is currently being used for a range of applications, including person authentication to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Rishabh Ranjan , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Detecting partial deepfake speech is essential due to its potential for subtle misinformation. However, existing methods depend on costly frame-level annotations during training, limiting real-world scalability. Also, they focus on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Menglu Li , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Lian Zhao

Audio deepfake detection is well-studied as a binary problem, but partially manipulated speech, where a short synthesised segment is spliced into an otherwise genuine utterance, poses a harder and more realistic threat. Detecting such…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-29 S. Sutharya , Remya K. Sasi

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) technology is recently finding its way to end-user applications for secure access to personal data, smart services or physical facilities. Similar to other biometric technologies, speaker verification is…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Cemal Hanilci , Tomi Kinnunen , Md Sahidullah , Aleksandr Sizov

Current trends in audio anti-spoofing detection research strive to improve models' ability to generalize across unseen attacks by learning to identify a variety of spoofing artifacts. This emphasis has primarily focused on the spoof class.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Hye-jin Shim , Md Sahidullah , Jee-weon Jung , Shinji Watanabe , Tomi Kinnunen

Since Text-to-Speech systems typically don't produce waveforms directly, recent spoof detection studies use resynthesized waveforms from vocoders and neural audio codecs to simulate an attacker. Unlike vocoders, which are specifically…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yixuan Xiao , Florian Lux , Alejandro Pérez-González-de-Martos , Ngoc Thang Vu