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In this work we study asymptotic properties of a long range memory random walk known as elephant random walk. First we prove recurrence and positive recurrence for the elephant random walk. Then, we establish the transience regime of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Cristian F. Coletti , Ioannis Papageorgiou

We study how conditioning affects the long-term behavior of the Elephant Random Walk, focusing on its first return to the origin, namely, the time it takes to forget the training. When the walker is conditioned to be at position $n$ at time…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Zheng Fang

We study how memory impacts passages at the origin for a so-called elephant random walk in the diffusive regime. We observe that the number of zeros always grows asymptotically like the square root of the time, despite the fact that,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-07 Jean Bertoin

The elephant random walk is a history-dependent random walk. We study a class of interacting elephant random walks. Our model includes the exclusion process as a special case. By means of Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field arguments, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-21 Chikashi Arita , Eric Ragoucy

Elephant random walk is a special type of random walk that incorporates the memory of the past to determine its future steps. The probability of this walk taking a particular step (+1 or -1) at a time point, conditioned on the entire…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Krishanu Maulik , Parthanil Roy , Tamojit Sadhukhan

Our goal is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the center of mass of the elephant random walk, which is a discrete-time random walk on integers with a complete memory of its whole history. In the diffusive and critical regimes, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-10 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin

We study the long time behavior of the elephant random walk with stops, introduced by Kumar, Harbola and Lindenberg (2010), and establish the phase transition of the number of visited points up to time $n$, and the correlation between the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Tatsuya Akimoto , Masato Takei , Keisuke Taniguchi

We consider in this article an Elephant Random Walk evolving in the plane. Specifically, this is a reinforced stochastic process in which the $n$th step is given by a random rotation of one of the previous steps chosen uniformly at random.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Lucile Laulin , Bastien Mallein

The purpose of this paper is to establish, via a martingale approach, some refinements on the asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional elephant random walk (ERW). The asymptotic behavior of the ERW mainly depends on a memory parameter $p$…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Bernard Bercu

We prove a conjecture by Bertoin that the multi-dimensional elephant random walk on $\mathbb{Z}^d$($d\geq 3$) is transient and the expected number of zeros is finite. We also provide some estimates on the rate of escape. In dimensions $d=…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Shuo Qin

We study the asymptotic tail probability of the first-passage time over a moving boundary for a random walk conditioned to return to zero, where the increments of the random walk have finite variance. Typically, the asymptotic tail behavior…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-09 Fiona Sloothaak , Vitali Wachtel , Bert Zwart

We study the gambler's ruin problem for the Elephant Random Walk, focusing on escape time from a symmetric interval of the form $\{-N, \ldots, N\}$. As our main result, we derive tight exponential bounds for the tail of this escape time. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Morgan André , Leonel Zuaznábar

We introduce an original way to estimate the memory parameter of the elephant random walk, a fascinating discrete time random walk on integers having a complete memory of its entire history. Our estimator is nothing more than a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin

In the simple random walk the steps are independent, whereas in the Elephant Random Walk (ERW), which was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper in 2004, the next step always depends on the whole path so far. In an earlier paper we investigated…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Allan Gut , Ulrich Stadtmüller

We consider a two-elephant walking model in which the elephants interact dynamically. At each time step, each elephant determines its next move randomly based on its partner's past movements. We show that the asymptotic behavior of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Rafik Aguech , Shuo Qin

We consider a transient random walk on $Z^d$ which is asymptotically stable, without centering, in a sense which allows different norming for each component. The paper is devoted to the asymptotics of the probability of the first return to…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-04-19 Ron Doney , Dmitry Korshunov

We consider a generalization of the so-called elephant random walk by introducing multiple elephants moving along the integer line, $\mathbb{Z}$. When taking a new step, each elephant considers not only its own previous steps but also the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Deborshi Das

In this paper, we introduce a variation of the elephant random walk whose steps are polynomially decaying. At each time $k$, the walker's step size is $k^{-\gamma}$ with $\gamma>0$. We investigate effects of the step size exponent $\gamma$…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Yuzaburo Nakano

When the memory parameter of the elephant random walk is above a critical threshold, the process becomes superdiffusive and, once suitably normalised, converges to a non-Gaussian random variable. In a recent paper by the three first…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Hélène Guérin , Lucile Laulin , Kilian Raschel , Thomas Simon

The aim of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the so-called elephant random walk with stops (ERWS). In contrast with the standard elephant random walk, the elephant is allowed to be lazy by staying on his own position.…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Bernard Bercu
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