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Rollups have emerged as a promising approach to improving blockchains' scalability by offloading transactions execution off-chain. Existing rollup solutions either leverage complex zero-knowledge proofs or optimistically assume execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xiaoqing Wen , Quanbi Feng , Hanzheng Lyu , Jianyu Niu , Yinqian Zhang , Chen Feng

Optimistic rollups are a popular and promising method of increasing the throughput capacity of their underlying chain. These methods rely on economic incentives to guarantee their security. We present a model of optimistic rollups that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Daji Landis

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies rely on distributed consensus algorithms. In recent years many consensus algorithms and protocols have been proposed; most of them are for permissioned blockchain networks. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Shiv Sondhi , Sherif Saad , Kevin Shi , Mohammad Mamun , Issa Traore

Blockchain sharding is a promising approach to solving the dilemma between decentralisation and high performance (transaction throughput) for blockchain. The main challenge of Blockchain sharding systems is how to reach a decision on a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Yibin Xu , Yangyu Huang , Jianhua Shao , George Theodorakopoulos

Layer-2 (L2) blockchains inherit Ethereums security guarantees while reducing gas fees. As a result, they are gaining traction among traders at Automated Market Makers (AMMs), sparking debate over whether they contribute to liquidity…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Krzysztof Gogol , Manvir Schneider , Claudio Tessone , Benjamin Livshits

This paper introduces peer to peer (P2P) trading mechanisms based on decentralized Blockchain to facilitate retail electricity market for ever-increasing distributed energy resources (DERs). The Blockchain network supports fast and secure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Masoud H. Nazari , Antar Kumar Biswas

Growing excitement around permissionless blockchains is uncovering its latent scalability concerns. Permissioned blockchains offer high transactional throughput and low latencies while compromising decentralization. In the quest for a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Shashank Motepalli , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

As an append-only distributed database, blockchain is utilized in a vast variety of applications including the cryptocurrency and Internet-of-Things (IoT). The existing blockchain solutions have downsides in communication and storage…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yahya Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi , Alptekin Küpçü , Öznur Özkasap

Interoperability and scalability are currently the bottlenecks preventing mass adoption of blockchain technology. Development of an interoperable and scalable network that promotes a truly decentralised, permissionless and secure blockchain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Kevin Coutinho , Ponnie Clark , Ferdinand Azis , Norman Lip , Josh Hunt

Computational task offloading based on edge computing can deal with the performance bottleneck of traditional cloud-based systems for Internet of things (IoT). To further optimize computing efficiency and resource allocation, collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Tonghe Wang , Songpu Ai , Junwei Cao

Introducing Reliablocks, an on-chain reliability index for non-finalized blocks in Optimistic Rollups. This was built during the EigenLayer Infinite Hackathon at the Infinite Hacker House at DevCon 2024. As part of this research, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Souradeep Das , Ethan Lam , Varun Vaidya , Sanjay Amirthraj

Chainspace is a decentralized infrastructure, known as a distributed ledger, that supports user defined smart contracts and executes user-supplied transactions on their objects. The correct execution of smart contract transactions is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Mustafa Al-Bassam , Alberto Sonnino , Shehar Bano , Dave Hrycyszyn , George Danezis

Modern blockchains support a variety of distributed applications beyond cryptocurrencies, including smart contracts -- which let users execute arbitrary code in a distributed and decentralized fashion. Regardless of their intended…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Orestis Alpos , Christian Cachin , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Luca Zanolini

Blockchain technology is affected by massive limitations in scalability with consequent repercussions on performance. This discussion aims at analyzing the state of the art of current available Layer II solutions to overcome these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Cosimo Sguanci , Roberto Spatafora , Andrea Mario Vergani

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) demands increasingly reliable evaluation, yet current centralized evaluation suffers from opacity, overfitting, and hardware-induced variance. Our empirical analysis reveals an alarming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yifan Yang , Jinjia Li , Kunxi Li , Puhao Zheng , Yuanyi Wang , Zheyan Qu , Yang Yu , Jianmin Wu , Ming Li , Hongxia Yang

SPEEDEX is a decentralized exchange (DEX) that lets participants securely trade assets without giving any single party undue control over the market. SPEEDEX offers several advantages over prior DEXes. It achieves high throughput -- over…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Geoffrey Ramseyer , Ashish Goel , David Mazières

Blockchain performance has historically faced challenges posed by the throughput limitations of consensus algorithms. Recent breakthroughs in research have successfully alleviated these constraints by introducing a modular architecture that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ray Neiheiser , Arman Babaei , Giannis Alexopoulos , Marios Kogias , Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias

Optimistic responsiveness -- the ability of a consensus protocol to operate at the speed of the network -- is widely used in consensus protocol design to optimize latency and throughput. However, blockchain applications incentivize…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Kaya Alpturer , Kushal Babel , Aditya Saraf

In peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, a secured infrastructure is required to manage trade and record monetary transactions. A central server/authority can be used for this. But there is a risk of central authority influencing the energy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Nitin Singha , V Shreyas , Sandeep Kumar

Throughput limitations of existing blockchain architectures are one of the most significant hurdles for their wide-spread adoption. Attempts to address this challenge include layer-2 solutions, such as Bitcoin's Lightning or Ethereum's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Alexander Hentschel , Dieter Shirley , Layne Lafrance