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We propose a new algorithm for solving parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) and backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) in high dimension, by making an analogy between the BSDE and reinforcement learning with the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Weinan E , Jiequn Han , Arnulf Jentzen

Traditional image segmentation methods, such as variational models based on partial differential equations (PDEs), offer strong mathematical interpretability and precise boundary modeling, but often suffer from sensitivity to parameter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kaili Qi , Wenli Yang , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are increasingly employed to replace/augment traditional numerical methods in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). While state-of-the-art PINNs have many attractive features, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Hengjie Wang , Robert Planas , Aparna Chandramowlishwaran , Ramin Bostanabad

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

We explore using neural operators, or neural network representations of nonlinear maps between function spaces, to accelerate infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs) with models governed by nonlinear parametric partial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Lianghao Cao , Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry , Prashant K. Jha , J. Tinsley Oden , Omar Ghattas

In this paper, we develop a physics-informed deep operator learning framework for solving multi-term time-fractional mixed diffusion-wave equations (TFMDWEs). We begin by deriving an $L_2$ approximation, which achieves first-order accuracy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Binghang Lu , Zhaopeng Hao , Christian Moya , Guang Lin

The convergence behavior of classical iterative solvers for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs) is often highly sensitive to the domain and specific discretization of PDEs. Previously, we introduced hybrid solvers by combining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Youngkyu Lee , Francesc Levrero Florencio , Jay Pathak , George Em Karniadakis

Operator learning techniques have recently emerged as a powerful tool for learning maps between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Trained under appropriate constraints, they can also be effective in learning the solution operator of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Sifan Wang , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for approximating solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, conventional approaches typically rely on pointwise function discretizations, which often suffer…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Chuqi Chen , Yang Xiang , Weihong Zhang

We propose a new approach to learning the subgrid-scale model when simulating partial differential equations (PDEs) solved by the method of lines and their representation in chaotic ordinary differential equations, based on neural ordinary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Shinhoo Kang , Emil M. Constantinescu

Modeling the traffic dynamics is essential for understanding and predicting the traffic spatiotemporal evolution. However, deriving the partial differential equation (PDE) models that capture these dynamics is challenging due to their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-05 Zihang Wei , Yunlong Zhang , Chenxi Liu , Yang Zhou

In recent years, deep learning for modeling physical phenomena which can be described by partial differential equations (PDEs) have received significant attention. For example, for learning Hamiltonian mechanics, methods based on deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Baige Xu , Yusuke Tanaka , Takashi Matsubara , Takaharu Yaguchi

This paper explores the difficulties in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs use physics as a regularization term in the objective function. However, a drawback of this approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shamsulhaq Basir

Modeling and controlling complex spatiotemporal dynamical systems driven by partial differential equations (PDEs) often necessitate dimensionality reduction techniques to construct lower-order models for computational efficiency. This paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-12 Priyabrata Saha , Saibal Mukhopadhyay

This paper presents the Tensor Product Network (TPNet), a novel neural architecture for efficient and accurate function approximation and PDE solving. The core of the proposal involves constructing the solution explicitly as a linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Qihong Yang , Yangtao Deng , Qiaolin He , Shiquan Zhang

Solving Partial Differential Equation (PDE) interface problems on varying domains is a critical task in design and optimization, yet it remains computationally prohibitive for traditional solvers. Although operator learning has shown…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Shanshan Xiao , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang , Hao Wu

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Neural Operators (NOs) are machine learning models designed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning to map between function spaces. Neural Operators such as the Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) and the Fourier Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 W. Diab , M. Al-Kobaisi

Unlike classical artificial neural networks, which require retraining for each new set of parametric inputs, the Deep Operator Network (DeepONet), a lately introduced deep learning framework, approximates linear and nonlinear solution…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Shashank Kushwaha , Jaewan Park , Seid Koric , Junyan He , Iwona Jasiuk , Diab Abueidda

In this paper, we propose a way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining machine learning techniques and the finite element method called Phi-FEM. For that, we use the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), a learning mapping…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Michel Duprez , Vanessa Lleras , Alexei Lozinski , Vincent Vigon , Killian Vuillemot