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Related papers: A Study of Optimizations for Fine-tuning Large Lan…

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This report examines the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), integrating theoretical insights with practical applications. It outlines the historical evolution of LLMs from traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Ahtsham Zafar , Aafaq Khan , Arsalan Shahid

Due to the cost-prohibitive nature of training Large Language Models (LLMs), fine-tuning has emerged as an attractive alternative for specializing LLMs for specific tasks using limited compute resources in a cost-effective manner. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yuchen Xia , Jiho Kim , Yuhan Chen , Haojie Ye , Souvik Kundu , Cong Hao , Nishil Talati

Owing to the huge success of generative artificial intelligence (AI), large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a core subclass, underpinning applications such as question answering, text generation, and code completion. While…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yong-Cheng Liaw , Shuo-Han Chen

When adapting large language models (LLMs) to a specific downstream task, two primary approaches are commonly employed: (1) prompt engineering, often with in-context few-shot learning, leveraging the model's inherent generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Jorg Bornschein , Clare Lyle , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki , Xu Owen He , Razvan Pascanu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Unit testing plays a pivotal role in software development, improving software quality and reliability. However, generating effective test cases manually is time-consuming, prompting interest in unit testing research. Recently, Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ye Shang , Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

Language models are now prevalent in software engineering with many developers using them to automate tasks and accelerate their development. While language models have been tremendous at accomplishing complex software engineering tasks,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daniel Nichols , Konstantinos Parasyris , Charles Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele , Harshitha Menon

This work focuses on leveraging and selecting from vast, unlabeled, open data to pre-fine-tune a pre-trained language model. The goal is to minimize the need for costly domain-specific data for subsequent fine-tuning while achieving desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Feiyang Kang , Hoang Anh Just , Yifan Sun , Himanshu Jahagirdar , Yuanzhi Zhang , Rongxing Du , Anit Kumar Sahu , Ruoxi Jia

The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been accompanied by an effervescence of novel ideas and methods to better optimize the loss of deep learning models. Claims from those methods are myriad: from faster convergence to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrei Semenov , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

Training Large Language Models(LLMs) is one of the most compute-intensive tasks in high-performance computing. Predicting end-to-end training time for multi-billion parameter models distributed across hundreds of GPUs remains challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Biyao Zhang , Mingkai Zheng , Debargha Ganguly , Xuecen Zhang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhao Zhang

Efficiently training large language models requires parallelizing across hundreds of hardware accelerators and invoking various compute and memory optimizations. When combined, many of these strategies have complex interactions regarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Johannes Hagemann , Samuel Weinbach , Konstantin Dobler , Maximilian Schall , Gerard de Melo

The large models, as predicted by scaling raw forecasts, have made groundbreaking progress in many fields, particularly in natural language generation tasks, where they have approached or even surpassed human levels. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Luping Wang , Sheng Chen , Linnan Jiang , Shu Pan , Runze Cai , Sen Yang , Fei Yang

Fine-tuning language models (LMs) has yielded success on diverse downstream tasks, but as LMs grow in size, backpropagation requires a prohibitively large amount of memory. Zeroth-order (ZO) methods can in principle estimate gradients using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Sadhika Malladi , Tianyu Gao , Eshaan Nichani , Alex Damian , Jason D. Lee , Danqi Chen , Sanjeev Arora

This paper introduces an efficient strategy to transform Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). By conceptualizing this transformation as a domain adaptation process, i.e., transitioning from text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Bingchen Zhao , Haoqin Tu , Chen Wei , Jieru Mei , Cihang Xie

The pretrained large language models (LLMs) are finetuned with labeled data for better instruction following ability and alignment with human values. In this paper, we study the learning dynamics of LLM finetuning on reasoning tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhiwen Ruan , Yun Chen , Yutao Hou , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

As pre-trained models automate many code intelligence tasks, a widely used paradigm is to fine-tune a model on the task dataset for each programming language. A recent study reported that multilingual fine-tuning benefits a range of tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Deze Wang , Boxing Chen , Shanshan Li , Wei Luo , Shaoliang Peng , Wei Dong , Xiangke Liao

Training large language models (LLMs) is known to be challenging because of the huge computational and memory capacity requirements. To address these issues, it is common to use a cluster of GPUs with 3D parallelism, which splits a model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jinkyu Yim , Jaeyong Song , Yerim Choi , Jaebeen Lee , Jaewon Jung , Hongsun Jang , Jinho Lee

Transformer-based large language models exhibit in-context learning, enabling adaptation to downstream tasks via few-shot prompting with demonstrations. In practice, such models are often fine-tuned to improve zero-shot performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Chungpa Lee , Jy-yong Sohn , Kangwook Lee

Extending large language models to effectively handle long contexts requires instruction fine-tuning on input sequences of similar length. To address this, we present LongAlign -- a recipe of the instruction data, training, and evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Jiajie Zhang , Yuze He , Ji Qi , Lei Hou , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong , Juanzi Li