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Modern neural networks obtain information about the problem and calculate the output solely from the input values. We argue that it is not always optimal, and the network's performance can be significantly improved by augmenting it with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Emils Ozolins , Karlis Freivalds , Andis Draguns , Eliza Gaile , Ronalds Zakovskis , Sergejs Kozlovics

Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability (SSAT) is a logical formalism to model decision problems with uncertainty, such as Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) for verification of probabilistic systems. SSAT, however, is limited…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Nian-Ze Lee , Jie-Hong R. Jiang

We prove that conflict-driven clause learning SAT-solvers with the ordered decision strategy and the DECISION learning scheme are equivalent to ordered resolution. We also prove that, by replacing this learning scheme with its opposite that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Nathan Mull , Shuo Pang , Alexander Razborov

Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms have exhibited great effectiveness in finding models of random instances of the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). As one of the most widely known and used SLS algorithm, WalkSAT plays a key role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-07 Sixue Liu

We address the problem of inferring descriptions of system behavior using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) from a finite set of positive and negative examples. Most of the existing approaches for solving such a task rely on predefined templates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Jean-Raphaël Gaglione , Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy , Ufuk Topcu , Zhe Xu

Conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) is a remarkably successful paradigm for solving the satisfiability problem of propositional logic. Instead of a simple depth-first backtracking approach, this kind of solver learns the reason behind…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Tom Krüger , Jan-Hendrik Lorenz , Florian Wörz

Optimization problems are prevalent across various scenarios. Formulating and then solving optimization problems described by natural language often requires highly specialized human expertise, which could block the widespread application…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Caigao Jiang , Xiang Shu , Hong Qian , Xingyu Lu , Jun Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Yang Yu

Satisfiability problem (SAT) is a cornerstone of computational complexity with broad industrial applications, and it remains challenging to optimize modern SAT solvers in real-world settings due to their intricate architectures. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yiwen Sun , Furong Ye , Zhihan Chen , Ke Wei , Shaowei Cai

A variant of the well-known Knapsack Problem is studied in this paper, where pairs of items are conflicting, and cannot be selected at the same time. This configures a set of hard constraints. The problem, which can be used to model real…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Roberto Montemanni , Derek H. Smith

This work presents two new algorithms for performing constraint satisfaction. The first algorithm presented, DMaxWalkSat, is a constraint solver specialized for solving dynamic, weighted constraint satisfaction problems. The second…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-07-23 Gregory Hasseler

Advanced applied mathematics problems are underrepresented in existing Large Language Model (LLM) benchmark datasets. To address this, we introduce HARDMath, a dataset inspired by a graduate course on asymptotic methods, featuring…

Recent work introduced the cube-and-conquer technique to solve hard SAT instances. It partitions the search space into cubes using a lookahead solver. Each cube is tackled by a conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solver. Crucial for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Peter van der Tak , Marijn J. H. Heule , Armin Biere

Constraint Programming (CP) solvers typically tackle optimization problems by repeatedly finding solutions to a problem while placing tighter and tighter bounds on the solution cost. This approach is somewhat naive, especially for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Nicholas Downing , Thibaut Feydy , Peter J. Stuckey

Partly on the basis of heuristic arguments from physics it has been suggested that the performance of certain types of algorithms on random $k$-SAT formulas is linked to phase transitions that affect the geometry of the set of satisfying…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-17 Amin Coja-Oghlan , Amir Haqshenas , Samuel Hetterich

Chain-of-thought (CoT) has emerged as a critical mechanism for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs), with self-consistency demonstrating notable promise in boosting performance. However, inherent linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zhiwei Yu , Tuo Li , Changhong Wang , Hui Chen , Lang Zhou

When dealing with real-world optimization problems, decision-makers usually face high levels of uncertainty associated with partial information, unknown parameters, or complex relationships between these and the problem decision variables.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Antonio Alcántara , Carlos Ruiz

Financial regulations are increasingly complex, hindering automated compliance-especially the maintenance of logical consistency with minimal human oversight. We introduce a Neuro-Symbolic Compliance Framework that integrates Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yung-Shen Hsia , Fang Yu , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a propositional logic problem of determining whether an assignment of variables satisfies a Boolean formula. Many combinatorial optimization problems can be formulated in Boolean SAT logic -- either as k-SAT…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Robert Simon Fong , Yanming Song , Alexander Yosifov

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) has emerged as a critical task for enabling seamless interaction with databases. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in this domain. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Weibin Liao , Xin Gao , Tianyu Jia , Rihong Qiu , Yifan Zhu , Yang Lin , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Over the last two decades, we have seen a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning Boolean satisfiability (CDCL SAT) solvers on industrial problems from a variety of domains. The availability of such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Saeed Nejati , Vijay Ganesh