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Bilevel optimization is an important class of optimization problems where one optimization problem is nested within another. While various methods have emerged to address unconstrained general bilevel optimization problems, there has been a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Nazanin Abolfazli , Ruichen Jiang , Aryan Mokhtari , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

Bilevel optimization has gained significant attention in recent years due to its broad applications in machine learning. This paper focuses on bilevel optimization in decentralized networks and proposes a novel single-loop algorithm for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Youran Dong , Shiqian Ma , Junfeng Yang , Chao Yin

In this paper, we consider bilevel optimization problem where the lower-level has coupled constraints, i.e. the constraints depend both on the upper- and lower-level variables. In particular, we consider two settings for the lower-level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Xiaotian Jiang , Jiaxiang Li , Mingyi Hong , Shuzhong Zhang

In this paper, we study a class of bilevel optimization problems, also known as simple bilevel optimization, where we minimize a smooth objective function over the optimal solution set of another convex constrained optimization problem.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Ruichen Jiang , Nazanin Abolfazli , Aryan Mokhtari , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

We study a class of bilevel convex optimization problems where the goal is to find the minimizer of an objective function in the upper level, among the set of all optimal solutions of an optimization problem in the lower level. A wide range…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-27 Mostafa Amini , Farzad Yousefian

This paper studies simple bilevel problems, where a convex upper-level function is minimized over the optimal solutions of a convex lower-level problem. We first show the fundamental difficulty of simple bilevel problems, that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Huaqing Zhang , Lesi Chen , Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel optimization is a hierarchical framework where an upper-level optimization problem is constrained by a lower-level problem, commonly used in machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization. Existing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuman Wu , Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel optimization has been developed for many machine learning tasks with large-scale and high-dimensional data. This paper considers a constrained bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level optimization problem is convex with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

This paper studies the problem of stochastic bilevel optimization where the upper-level function is nonconvex with potentially unbounded smoothness and the lower-level function is strongly convex. This problem is motivated by meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel programs are optimization problems where some variables are solutions to optimization problems themselves, and they arise in a variety of control applications, including: control of vehicle traffic networks, inverse reinforcement…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Aurélien Ouattara , Anil Aswani

Bilevel optimization (BLO) problem, where two optimization problems (referred to as upper- and lower-level problems) are coupled hierarchically, has wide applications in areas such as machine learning and operations research. Recently, many…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Xiaotian Jiang , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Prashant Khanduri , Mingyi Hong

We design and analyze a novel accelerated gradient-based algorithm for a class of bilevel optimization problems. These problems have various applications arising from machine learning and image processing, where optimal solutions of the two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-20 Sepideh Samadi , Daniel Burbano , Farzad Yousefian

In this paper, we focus on simple bilevel optimization problems, where we minimize a convex smooth objective function over the optimal solution set of another convex smooth constrained optimization problem. We present a novel bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-03 Jincheng Cao , Ruichen Jiang , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Aryan Mokhtari

Two-level stochastic optimization formulations have become instrumental in a number of machine learning contexts such as continual learning, neural architecture search, adversarial learning, and hyperparameter tuning. Practical stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

We consider simple bilevel optimization problems where the goal is to compute among the optimal solutions of a composite convex optimization problem, one that minimizes a secondary objective function. Our main contribution is threefold. (i)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Sepideh Samadi , Daniel Burbano , Farzad Yousefian

Bilevel optimization has arisen as a powerful tool in modern machine learning. However, due to the nested structure of bilevel optimization, even gradient-based methods require second-order derivative approximations via Jacobian- or/and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang

In this paper, we explore a broad class of constrained saddle point problems with a bilevel structure, wherein the upper-level objective function is nonconvex-concave and smooth over compact and convex constraint sets, subject to a strongly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-31 Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadi , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

Bilevel reinforcement learning (RL), which features intertwined two-level problems, has attracted growing interest recently. The inherent non-convexity of the lower-level RL problem is, however, to be an impediment to developing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Yan Yang , Bin Gao , Ya-xiang Yuan

Bilevel optimization has been applied to a wide variety of machine learning models, and numerous stochastic bilevel optimization algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, most existing algorithms restrict their focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hongchang Gao , Bin Gu , My T. Thai
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