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Cell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) enhances spectral and energy efficiency compared to conventional cellular networks by enabling joint transmission and reception across a large number of distributed access points…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

As the dense deployment of access points (APs) in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems presents significant challenges, per-AP coverage can be expanded using large-scale antenna arrays (LAAs). However, this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Eunhyuk Park , Seok-Hwan Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Marco Di Renzo , Shlomo Shamai

Large-scale distributed antenna systems with many access points (APs) that serve the users by coherent joint transmission is being considered for 5G-and-beyond networks. The technology is called Cell-free Massive MIMO and can provide a more…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Trinh Van Chien , Emil Björnson , Erik G. Larsson

Large antenna arrays will be needed in future millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks, enabling a large number of different possible antenna architectures and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. It is still unclear which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mandar N. Kulkarni , Amitava Ghosh , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Device density in cellular networks is expected to increase considerably in the next future. Accordingly, the access point (AP) will equip massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) antennas, using collimated millimeter-wave (mmW) and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Reza Aghazadeh Ayoubi , Umberto Spagnolini

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as a promising technology for achieving the ultimate performance limit. However, due to its distributed architecture and low-cost access points (APs), the signals…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Jiakang Zheng , Zhuoyi Zhao , Jiayi Zhang , Julian Cheng , Victor C. M. Leung

Large-scale multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems are capable of achieving high date rate. However, given the high hardware cost and excessive power consumption of massive MIMO systems, as a remedy, intelligent metasurfaces have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Chao Xu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

How would a cellular network designed for high energy efficiency look like? To answer this fundamental question, we model cellular networks using stochastic geometry and optimize the energy efficiency with respect to the density of base…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti , Marios Kountouris

This paper develops a graph-based hybrid beamforming framework for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cell-free integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks. Specifically, we construct a novel MIMO cell-free ISAC network model.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Yanan Du , Sai Xu , Jagmohan Chauhan

This paper considers a cell-free integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) MIMO system, where distributed MIMO access points (APs) jointly serve the communication users and sense the target. For this setup, we derive a sensing SNR for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Umut Demirhan , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has recently attracted much attention, attributed to its potential to deliver uniform service quality. However, the adoption of a cell-free architecture raises concerns about the high…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

Cell-free massive MIMO systems have promising data rate and uniform coverage gains. These systems, however, typically rely on optical fiber based fronthaul for the communication between the central processing unit (CPU) and the distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Umut Demirhan , Ahmed Alkhateeb

This study introduces and investigates the integration of a cell-free architecture with bistatic backscatter communication (BiBC), referred to as cell-free BiBC or distributed access point (AP)-assisted BiBC, which can enable potential…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Diluka Galappaththige , Fatemeh Rezaei , Chintha Tellambura , Amine Maaref

In a cell-free massive MIMO architecture a very large number of distributed access points simultaneously and jointly serves a much smaller number of mobile stations; a variant of the cell-free technique is the user-centric approach, wherein…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-28 Mario Alonzo , Stefano Buzzi , Alessio Zappone , Ciro D'Elia

Future cellular systems based on the use of millimeter waves will heavily rely on the use of antenna arrays both at the transmitter and at the receiver. For complexity reasons and energy consumption issues, fully digital precoding and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea

Imagine a coverage area with many wireless access points that cooperate to jointly serve the users, instead of creating autonomous cells. Such a cell-free network operation can potentially resolve many of the interference issues that appear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has recently gained much attention for its potential in shaping the landscape of sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems. This paper proposes a hierarchical network architecture tailored for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

Traditional cellular networks struggle with poor quality of service (QoS) for cell-edge users, while cell-free (CF) systems offer uniform QoS but incur high roll-out costs due to acquiring numerous access point (AP) sites and deploying a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is one of the usage scenarios for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. In this paper, we study cooperative ISAC in cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where multiple…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Zihuan Wang , Vincent W. S. Wong

Cell-free systems can effectively eliminate the inter-cell interference by enabling multiple base stations (BSs) to cooperatively serve users without cell boundaries at the expense of high costs of hardware and power sources due to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Yutong Zhang , Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Jinlong Lin , Yonghui Li , Lingyang Song