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Language models (LM) play an important role in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). However, traditional language models only predict next single word with given history, while the consecutive predictions on a sequence of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-06 Qi Liu , Yanmin Qian , Kai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in information-seeking and decision-making tasks. Despite their broad utility, LLMs tend to generate information that conflicts with real-world facts, and their persuasive style can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Arslan Chaudhry , Sridhar Thiagarajan , Dilan Gorur

This study evaluates the forecasting performance of recent language models (LLMs) on binary forecasting questions. We first introduce a novel dataset of over 600 binary forecasting questions, augmented with related news articles and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Gerrit Mutschlechner , Adam Jatowt

Semantic consistency of a language model is broadly defined as the model's ability to produce semantically-equivalent outputs, given semantically-equivalent inputs. We address the task of assessing question-answering (QA) semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Ella Rabinovich , Samuel Ackerman , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

In-context learning has emerged as a groundbreaking ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) and revolutionized various fields by providing a few task-relevant demonstrations in the prompt. However, trustworthy issues with LLM's response,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Chen Ling , Xujiang Zhao , Xuchao Zhang , Wei Cheng , Yanchi Liu , Yiyou Sun , Mika Oishi , Takao Osaki , Katsushi Matsuda , Jie Ji , Guangji Bai , Liang Zhao , Haifeng Chen

Existing metrics for assessing question generation not only require costly human reference but also fail to take into account the input context of generation, rendering the lack of deep understanding of the relevance between the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

This paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems to improve transcription accuracy. The increasing sophistication of LLMs, with their in-context learning capabilities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zeping Min , Jinbo Wang

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate, impeding their reliability in mission-critical situations. One approach to address this issue is to provide citations to relevant sources alongside generated content, enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Rami Aly , Zhiqiang Tang , Samson Tan , George Karypis

Sentence embeddings are crucial in measuring semantic similarity. Most recent studies employed large language models (LLMs) to learn sentence embeddings. Existing LLMs mainly adopted autoregressive architecture without explicit backward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Xianming Li , Jing Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in a wide-range of language tasks without requiring task-specific fine-tuning. However, they remain prone to hallucinations and inconsistencies, and often struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Matt Pauk , Maria Leonor Pacheco

Continuous sign language recognition (SLR) deals with unaligned video-text pair and uses the word error rate (WER), i.e., edit distance, as the main evaluation metric. Since it is not differentiable, we usually instead optimize the learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Junfu Pu , Wengang Zhou , Hezhen Hu , Houqiang Li

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in natural language generation, much evidence shows that LLMs may produce incorrect or nonsensical text. This limitation highlights the importance of discerning when to trust LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shuchang Tao , Liuyi Yao , Hanxing Ding , Yuexiang Xie , Qi Cao , Fei Sun , Jinyang Gao , Huawei Shen , Bolin Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the impressive ability to perform in-context learning (ICL) from only a few examples, but the success of ICL varies widely from task to task. Thus, it is important to quickly determine whether ICL is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Harvey Yiyun Fu , Qinyuan Ye , Albert Xu , Xiang Ren , Robin Jia

Knowing the reliability of a model's response is essential in practical applications. Given the strong generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), research has focused on generating verbalized confidence. This approach is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ante Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

Evaluating the value alignment of large language models (LLMs) has traditionally relied on single-sentence adversarial prompts, which directly probe models with ethically sensitive or controversial questions. However, with the rapid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yazhou Zhang , Qimeng Liu , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang , Jing Qin

Consistency is a fundamental dimension of trustworthiness in Large Language Models (LLMs). For humans to be able to trust LLM-based applications, their outputs should be consistent when prompted with inputs that carry the same meaning or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Harsh Raj , Vipul Gupta , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied as automatic evaluators for natural language generation assessment often using pairwise comparative judgements. Existing approaches typically rely on single judges or aggregate multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mengjie Qian , Guangzhi Sun , Mark J. F. Gales , Kate M. Knill

Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

While human evaluation is the most reliable metric for evaluating speech generation systems, it is generally costly and time-consuming. Previous studies on automatic speech quality assessment address the problem by predicting human…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Soumi Maiti , Yifan Peng , Takaaki Saeki , Shinji Watanabe
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