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The space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will open a new mass and redshift regime, allowing us to observe massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) throughout the Universe. A subset of these systems is expected to produce electromagnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 Xue-Ting Zhang , Jonathan Gair , Chris Messenger , Natalia Korsakova , Yi-Ming Hu , Hong-Yu Chen

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs; $M_{BH} \approx 10^{3-5} M_\odot$) play a critical role in understanding the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe. In this study, we expand on Nguyen et al. simulated measurements…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-04 Hai N. Ngo , Dieu D. Nguyen , Tinh T. Q. Le , Tien H. T. Ho , Truong N. Nguyen , Trung H. Dang

A number of scenarios have been proposed for the origin of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are found in the centres of most galaxies. Many such scenarios predict a high-redshift population of massive black holes (MBHs), with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Joseph E. Plowman , Ronald W. Hellings , Sachiko Tsuruta

Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses ranging from a hundred and a million solar masses, are hypothesised to be surrounded by dense regions of dark matter known as dark matter spikes, where the annihilation of dark matter…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-06 Jann Aschersleben , Dieter Horns , Emmanuel Moulin , Manuela Vecchi

Decades after the first predictions of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters (GCs) there is still no unambiguous observational evidence for their existence. The most promising signatures for IMBHs are found in the cores…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 Stefan Umbreit , Frederic A. Rasio

Stellar evolution predicts the existence of a mass gap for black hole remnants produced by pair-instability supernova dynamics, whose lower and upper edges are very uncertain. We study the possibility of constraining the location of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-25 Gabriele Franciolini , Konstantinos Kritos , Luca Reali , Floor Broekgaarden , Emanuele Berti

It is known that massive black holes (MBHs) of $10^{5-7}\,M_\odot$ could capture small compact objects to form extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). Such systems emit gravitational waves (GWs) in the band of the Laser Interferometer Space…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-29 Wen-Biao Han , Xian Chen

Gravitational radiation arising from the inspiral and merger of binary black holes (BBH's) is a promising candidate for detection by kilometer-scale interferometric gravitational wave observatories. This paper discusses a serious obstacle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Patrick R. Brady , Jolien D. E. Creighton , Kip S. Thorne

Motivated by JWST observations of dense, clumpy and clustered high redshift star formation, we simulate the hierarchical assembly of nine $M_{\mathrm{cl}}=10^6 M_\odot$ star clusters using the BIFROST N-body code. Our low metallicity models…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-08 Antti Rantala , Thorsten Naab

Motivated by the recent discoveries of binary black-hole mergers by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (Advanced LIGO), we investigate the prospects of ground-based detectors to perform a spectroscopic analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-31 Swetha Bhagwat , Duncan A. Brown , Stefan W. Ballmer

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are expected to detect the stellar-mass binary black holes (SBBHs) inspiralling in the low-frequency band, which exist in several years before the merger. Accurate GW waveforms in the inspiral…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-09 Jie Wu , Jin Li , Xiaolin Liu , Zhoujian Cao

When binary black holes form in the field, it is expected that their orbits typically circularize before coalescence. In galactic nuclei and globular clusters, binary black holes can form dynamically. Recent results suggest that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-13 Marcus E. Lower , Eric Thrane , Paul D. Lasky , Rory Smith

Mergers of stellar-mass black holes were recently observed in the gravitational wave window opened by LIGO. This puts the spotlight on dense stellar systems and their ability to create intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) through repeated…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-29 Mario Pasquato

Massive black holes in the centers of galaxies today must have grown by several orders of magnitude from seed black holes formed at early times. Detecting a population of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) can provide constraints on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-28 Tiziana Di Matteo , Yueying Ni , Nianyi Chen , Rupert Croft , Simeon Bird , Fabio Pacucci , Angelo Ricarte , Michael Tremmel

We perform a binary population synthesis calculation incorporating very massive population (Pop.) III stars up to 1500 $M_\odot$, and investigate the nature of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. Above the pair-instability mass gap, we find…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 Kotaro Hijikawa , Ataru Tanikawa , Tomoya Kinugawa , Takashi Yoshida , Hideyuki Umeda

In the next decade, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect the coalescence of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) in the range $[10^4, 10^8] \, \rm M_{\odot}$, up to $z\sim10$. Their gravitational wave (GW) signal is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-23 A. Mangiagli , C. Caprini , M. Volonteri , S. Marsat , S. Vergani , N. Tamanini , H. Inchauspé

Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will observe binary black hole (BBH) mergers at redshifts up to $z\sim 100$. However, an unequivocal determination of the origin of high-redshift sources…

Young dense massive star clusters are a promising environment for the formation of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) through collisions. We present a set of 80 simulations carried out with Nbody6++GPU of 10 initial conditions for…

Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) are a class of black holes with masses in the range $10^2 \div 10^5$ $M_\odot$, which can not directly derive from stellar evolution. Looking for these objects and estimating their abundance is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-12 A. Franco , A. A. Nucita , F. De Paolis , F. Strafella , M. Maiorano

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter (mm) wavelengths is being employed to resolve event-horizon scale structure of the environment surrounding the Milky-Way black hole, at an angular resolution of a few tens of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-05 Daniel J. D'Orazio , Abraham Loeb