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Time series data are ubiquitous across a wide range of real-world domains. While real-world time series analysis (TSA) requires human experts to integrate numerical series data with multimodal domain-specific knowledge, most existing TSA…

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) seeks to model temporal dynamics among variables to predict future trends. Transformer-based models and large language models (LLMs) have shown promise due to their ability to capture long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Abdul Monaf Chowdhury , Rabeya Akter , Safaeid Hossain Arib

Irregularly sampled time series forecasting, characterized by non-uniform intervals, is prevalent in practical applications. However, previous research have been focused on regular time series forecasting, typically relying on transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Byunghyun Kim , Jae-Gil Lee

Multivariate Time series forecasting is crucial in domains such as transportation, meteorology, and finance, especially for predicting extreme weather events. State-of-the-art methods predominantly rely on Transformer architectures, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Li Wu , Wenbin Pei , Jiulong Jiao , Qiang Zhang

Multivariate time series forecasting requires models to simultaneously capture variable-wise structural dependencies and generalize across diverse tasks. While structural encoders are effective in modeling feature interactions, they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Fengze Li , Yue Wang , Yangle Liu , Ming Huang , Dou Hong , Jieming Ma

LLM-for-time series (TS) methods typically treat time shallowly, injecting positional or prompt-based cues once at the input of a largely frozen decoder, which limits temporal reasoning as this information degrades through the layers. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Filippos Bellos , NaveenJohn Premkumar , Yannis Avrithis , Nam H. Nguyen , Jason J. Corso

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) plays a vital role in a wide range of real-world applications, such as weather prediction and traffic flow forecasting. Although recent advances have significantly improved the modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Beiliang Wu , Peiyuan Liu , Yifan Hu , Luyan Zhang , Ao Hu , Zenglin Xu

Are traditional classification approaches irrelevant in this era of AI hype? We show that there are multiclass classification problems where predictive models holistically outperform LLM prompt-based frameworks. Given text and images from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Marios Kokkodis , Richard Demsyn-Jones , Vijay Raghavan

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is important for various domains but is confronted by challenges in handling the complex temporal-contextual relationships. As multivariate input models underperforming some recent univariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Xu Han , Shihao Yang

The success of large language models (LLMs) for time series has been demonstrated in previous work. Utilizing a symbolic time series representation, one can efficiently bridge the gap between LLMs and time series. However, the remaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xinye Chen , Erin Carson , Cheng Kang

Despite achieving significant progress in 2D image understanding, large multimodal models (LMMs) struggle in the physical world due to the lack of spatial representation. Typically, existing 3D LMMs mainly embed 3D positions as fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hanyu Zhou , Gim Hee Lee

Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF) is critical for numerous real-world applications, such as electricity consumption planning, financial forecasting, and disease propagation analysis. LTSF requires capturing long-range dependencies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Aitian Ma , Dongsheng Luo , Mo Sha

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist ideation in research, but evaluating the quality of LLM-generated research proposals remains difficult: novelty and soundness are hard to measure automatically, and large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heng Wang , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiashuo Sun , Zhiyi Shi , Haofei Yu , Jiawei Han , Heng Ji

Long-term time series forecasting in centralized environments poses unique challenges regarding data privacy, communication overhead, and scalability. To address these challenges, we propose FedTime, a federated large language model (LLM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Raed Abdel-Sater , A. Ben Hamza

Multiway datasets are commonly analyzed using unsupervised matrix and tensor factorization methods to reveal underlying patterns. Frequently, such datasets include timestamps and could correspond to, for example, health-related measurements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Christos Chatzis , Carla Schenker , Jérémy E. Cohen , Evrim Acar

Multimodal recommendation enhances accuracy by leveraging visual and textual signals, and its success largely depends on learning high-quality cross-modal representations. Recent advances in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) offer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhongtao Rao , Peilin Zhou , Dading Chong , Zhiwei Chen , Shoujin Wang , Nan Tang

Sequence-to-sequence models based on LSTM and GRU are a most popular choice for forecasting time series data reaching state-of-the-art performance. Training such models can be delicate though. The two most common training strategies within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Philipp Teutsch , Patrick Mäder

Large Language Model-based Time Series Forecasting (LLMTS) has shown remarkable promise in handling complex and diverse temporal data, representing a significant step toward foundation models for time series analysis. However, this emerging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Wei Yuan , Chaoqun Yang , Yu Xing , Tong Chen , Nguyen Quoc Viet Hung , Hongzhi Yin

This research examines the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in predicting time series, with a specific focus on the LLMTIME model. Despite the established effectiveness of LLMs in tasks such as text generation, language translation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Rui Cao , Qiao Wang

Time series forecasting underpins applications in finance, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Despite the success of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs), existing approaches operate in a unimodal setting and rely on static prompts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sehyuk Park , Soyeon Caren Han , Eduard Hovy