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Many vision-language models (VLMs) that prove very effective at a range of multimodal task, build on CLIP-based vision encoders, which are known to have various limitations. We investigate the hypothesis that the strong language backbone in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sho Takishita , Jay Gala , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Kentaro Inui , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Pretrained Vision Transformers (ViTs) such as DINOv2 and MAE provide generic image features that can be applied to a variety of downstream tasks such as retrieval, classification, and segmentation. However, such representations tend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jona Ruthardt , Manu Gaur , Deva Ramanan , Makarand Tapaswi , Yuki M. Asano

Most existing Vision-and-Language (V&L) models rely on pre-trained visual encoders, using a relatively small set of manually-annotated data (as compared to web-crawled data), to perceive the visual world. However, it has been observed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Sheng Shen , Liunian Harold Li , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Anna Rohrbach , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhewei Yao , Kurt Keutzer

Recently, plain vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown impressive performance on various computer vision tasks, thanks to their strong modeling capacity and large-scale pretraining. However, they have not yet conquered the problem of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Jingfeng Yao , Xinggang Wang , Shusheng Yang , Baoyuan Wang

Understanding the limitations and weaknesses of state-of-the-art models in artificial intelligence is crucial for their improvement and responsible application. In this research, we focus on CLIP, a model renowned for its integration of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ayush Ranjan , Daniel Wen , Karthik Bhat

Visual Recognition is one of the fundamental challenges in AI, where the goal is to understand the semantics of visual data. Employing mid-level representation, in particular, shifted the paradigm in visual recognition. The mid-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-24 Moin Nabi

Recently, there have been breakthroughs in computer vision ("CV") models that are more generalizable with the advent of models such as CLIP and ALIGN. In this paper, we analyze CLIP and highlight some of the challenges such models pose.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Sandhini Agarwal , Gretchen Krueger , Jack Clark , Alec Radford , Jong Wook Kim , Miles Brundage

Understanding the relationship between different parts of an image is crucial in a variety of applications, including object recognition, scene understanding, and image classification. Despite the fact that Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Seyed Rohollah Hosseyni , Sanaz Seyedin , Hasan Taheri

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has become a foundation model and has been applied to various vision and multimodal tasks. However, recent works indicate that CLIP falls short in distinguishing detailed differences in images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yinqi Li , Jiahe Zhao , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Dense computer vision tasks such as object detection and segmentation require effective multi-scale feature representation for detecting or classifying objects or regions with varying sizes. While Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Youngwan Lee , Jonghee Kim , Jeff Willette , Sung Ju Hwang

CLIP models perform remarkably well on zero-shot classification and retrieval tasks. But recent studies have shown that learnt representations in CLIP are not well suited for dense prediction tasks like object detection, semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Hadi Pouransari , Fartash Faghri , Oncel Tuzel

We present a method for semantically transferring the visual appearance of one natural image to another. Specifically, our goal is to generate an image in which objects in a source structure image are "painted" with the visual appearance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Narek Tumanyan , Omer Bar-Tal , Shai Bagon , Tali Dekel

Photo search, the task of retrieving images based on textual queries, has witnessed significant advancements with the introduction of CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) model. CLIP leverages a vision-language pre training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Naresh Kumar Lahajal , Harini S

We observe that the mapping between an image's representation in one model to its representation in another can be learned surprisingly well with just a linear layer, even across diverse models. Building on this observation, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mazda Moayeri , Keivan Rezaei , Maziar Sanjabi , Soheil Feizi

Visual imagery does not consist of solitary objects, but instead reflects the composition of a multitude of fluid concepts. While there have been great advances in visual representation learning, such advances have focused on building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Austin Stone , Hagen Soltau , Robert Geirhos , Xi Yi , Ye Xia , Bingyi Cao , Kaifeng Chen , Abhijit Ogale , Jonathon Shlens

CLIP embeddings have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of multimodal applications. However, these high-dimensional, dense vector representations are not easily interpretable, limiting our understanding of the rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Usha Bhalla , Alex Oesterling , Suraj Srinivas , Flavio P. Calmon , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Mental rotation is a key test of spatial reasoning in humans and has been central to understanding how perception supports cognition. Despite the success of modern vision transformers, it is still unclear how well these models develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sebastian Ray Mason , Anders Gjølbye , Phillip Chavarria Højbjerg , Lenka Tětková , Lars Kai Hansen

CLIP is a discriminative model trained to align images and text in a shared embedding space. Due to its multimodal structure, it serves as the backbone of many generative pipelines, where a decoder is trained to map from the shared space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Antonio D'Orazio , Maria Rosaria Briglia , Donato Crisostomi , Dario Loi , Emanuele Rodolà , Iacopo Masi

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently become the state-of-the-art across many computer vision tasks. In contrast to convolutional networks (CNNs), ViTs enable global information sharing even within shallow layers of a network, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Jongwoo Park , Kumara Kahatapitiya , Donghyun Kim , Shivchander Sudalairaj , Quanfu Fan , Michael S. Ryoo

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) stands out as a prominent method for image representation learning. Various architectures, from vision transformers (ViTs) to convolutional networks (ResNets) have been trained with CLIP to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Damien Teney , Hamed Damirchi , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Anton van den Hengel